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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPC_2013-01-29_AgendaPacket http://www.facebook.com/planningatascadero @atownplanning CITY OF ATASCADERO PLANNING COMMISSION AGENDA Special Meeting Tuesday, January 29, 2013 – 7:00 P.M. City Hall Council Chambers 6907 El Camino Real Atascadero, California CALL TO ORDER Pledge of Allegiance Roll Call: Chairperson Ward Vice Chairperson Vacant Commissioner Anderson Commissioner Bentz Commissioner Colamarino Commissioner Cooper Commissioner Dariz Commissioner Wolff APPROVAL OF AGENDA PUBLIC COMMENT (This portion of the meeting is reserved for persons wishing to address the Commission on any matter not on this agenda and over which the Commission has jurisdiction. Speakers are limited to three minutes. Please state your name for the record before making your presentation. The Commission may take action to direct the staff to place a matter of business on a future agenda.) PLANNING COMMISSION BUSINESS CONSENT CALENDAR (All items on the consent calendar are considered to be routine and non-controversial by City Staff and will be approved by one motion if no member of the Commission or public wishes to comment or ask questions.) 1. APPROVAL OF ACTION MINUTES OF THE REGULAR PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING ON JANUARY 15, 2013. City of Atascadero Planning Commission Agenda Special Meeting, January 29, 2013 Page 2 of 3 http://www.facebook.com/planningatascadero @atownplanning COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STAFF REPORTS 2. PLN 2010-1361, CLIMATE ACTION PLAN TOOLBOX AND GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION MEASURE REVIEW PUBLIC HEARINGS NONE COMMISSIONER COMMENTS AND REPORTS DIRECTOR’S REPORT ADJOURNMENT The next regular meeting of the Planning Commission is scheduled for February 5, 2013, at City Hall, Council Chambers, 6907 El Camino Real, Atascadero. Please note: Should anyone challenge in court any proposed development entitlement listed on this Agenda, that person may be limited to raising those issues addressed at the public hearing described in this notice or in written correspondence delivered to the Planning Commission at, or prior to this public hearing. Applicant: City of Atascadero, 6907 El Camino Real, Atascadero, CA 93422 Project Title: PLN 2010-1361, Climate Action Plan (CAP) Toolbox and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measure Review Project Location: Citywide Project Description: The City Council has designated the Planning Commission to act as the “Steering Committee” for the San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District’s (APCD) Countywide Climate Action Planning project. The purpose of a Climate Action Plan is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the City of Atascadero. In November, the APCD’s consultant released the toolbox of potential Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction measures. The next step is for each City to choose which measures they would like to see in their Climate Action Plan. The APCD consultant will use the measures chosen by the City to write a draft Climate Action Plan document. Staff is recommending the Planning Commission review all of the toolbox GHG reduction measures and make a recommendation to the City Council regarding which measures should be included in a future Climate Action Plan for the City of Atascadero. City of Atascadero Planning Commission Agenda Special Meeting, January 29, 2013 Page 3 of 3 http://www.facebook.com/planningatascadero @atownplanning City of Atascadero WELCOME TO THE ATASCADERO PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING The Planning Commission meets in regular session on the first and third Tuesday of each month at 7:00 p.m. at City Hall, Council Chambers, 6907 El Camino Real, Atascadero. Matters are considered by the Commission in the order of the printed Agenda. Copies of the staff reports or other documentation relating to each item of business referred to on the Agenda are on file in the office of the Community Development Department and are available for public inspection during City Hall business hours at the Front Counter of City Hall, 6907 El Camino Real, Atascadero, and on our website, www.atascadero.org. An agenda packet is also available for public review at the Atascadero Library, 6850 Morro Road. All documents submitted by the public during Commission meetings that are either read into the record or referred to in their statement will be noted in the minutes and available for review in the Community Development Department. Commission meetings are audio recorded, and may be reviewed by the public. Copies of meeting recordings are available for a fee. Contact the City Clerk for more information (470-3400). In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in a City meeting or other services offered by this City, please contact the City Manager’s Office or the City Clerk’s Office, both at (805) 470-3400. Notification at least 48 hours prior to the meeting or time when services are needed will assist the City staff in assuring that reasonable arrangements can be made to provide accessibility to the meeting or service. TO SPEAK ON SUBJECTS NOT LISTED ON THE AGENDA Under Agenda item, “PUBLIC COMMENT”, the Chairperson will call for anyone from the audience having business with the Commission to approach the lectern and be recognized. 1. Give your name for the record (not required) 2. State the nature of your business. 3. All comments are limited to 3 minutes. 4. All comments should be made to the Chairperson and Commission. 5. No person shall be permitted to make slanderous, profane or negative personal remarks concerning any other individual, absent or present. This is when items not on the Agenda may be brought to the Commission’s attention. A maximum of 30 minutes will be allowed for Public Comment Portion (unless changed by the Commission). TO SPEAK ON AGENDA ITEMS (from Title 2, Chapter 1 of the Atascadero Municipal Code) Members of the audience may speak on any item on the agenda. The Chairperson will identify the subject, staff will give their report, and the Commission will ask questions of staff. The Chairperson will announce when the public comment period is open and will request anyone interested to address the Commission regarding the matter being considered to step up to the lectern. If you wish to speak for, against or comment in any way: 1. You must approach the lectern and be recognized by the Chairperson. 2. Give your name (not required). 3. Make your statement. 4. All comments should be made to the Chairperson and Commission. 5. No person shall be permitted to make slanderous, profane or negative personal remarks concerning any other individual, absent or present. 6. All comments limited to 3 minutes. If you wish to use a computer presentation to support your comments, you must notify the Community Development Department at 470-3402 at least 24 hours prior to the meeting. Digital presentations brought to the meeting on a USB drive or CD is preferred. Access to hook up your laptop to the City's projector can also be provided. You are required to submit to the Recording Secretary a printed copy of your presentation for the record. Please check in with the Recording Secretary before the meeting begins to announce your presence and turn in the printed copy. The Chairperson will announce when the public comment period is closed, and thereafter, no further public comments will be heard by the Commission. PC Draft Action Minutes of 1/15/13 Page 1 of 5 CITY OF ATASCADERO PLANNING COMMISSION DRAFT ACTION MINUTES Regular Meeting – Tuesday, January 15, 2013 – 7:00 P.M. City Hall Council Chambers 6907 El Camino Real, Atascadero, California CALL TO ORDER - 7:00 p.m. Chairperson Ward called the meeting to order at 7:02 p.m. and Commissioner Bentz led the Pledge of Allegiance. ROLL CALL Present: Commissioners Bentz, Colamarino, Dariz, and Chairperson Ward Absent: Commissioner Cooper (excused absence) Others Present: Recording Secretary Annette Manier Staff Present: Community Development Director, Warren Frace Assistant Planner, Alfredo Castillo APPROVAL OF AGENDA MOTION: By Commissioner Bentz and seconded by Commissioner Colamarino to approve the agenda. Motion passed 4:0 by a roll-call vote. PUBLIC COMMENT The following people spoke during public comment: City Council Member Roberta Fonzi who welcomed the new commissioners to the Commission. Chairperson Ward closed the Public Comment period. ITEM NUMBER: 1 DATE: 1-29-13 PC Draft Action Minutes of 1/15/13 Page 2 of 5 PLANNING COMMISSION BUSINESS A. ADMINISTRATION OF OATH OF OFFICE Annette Manier, Deputy City Clerk, administered the Oath of Office to newly appointed Commissioners Jan Wolff and Duane Anderson. Ms. Wolff and Mr. Anderson gave brief overviews on their backgrounds. The new commissioners took their seats at the dais. CONSENT CALENDAR 1. APPROVAL OF ACTION MINUTES OF THE REGULAR PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING ON DECEMBER 18, 2012. MOTION: By Commissioner Bentz and seconded by Commissioner Colamarino to approve the consent calendar. Motion passed 4:0 by a roll-call vote. (Anderson, Wolff abstained) PUBLIC HEARINGS 2. PLN 2012-1442 / CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT FOR EXPANSION OF RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY AT 5800 LLANO ROAD Property Owner: Evelyn Ladd, 5800 Llano Road, Atascadero, CA 93422 Applicant: Susan Van Alfen, 5800 Llano Road, Atascadero, CA 93422 Jed Joyce, PO Box 1164, Templeton, CA 93465 Project Title: PLN 2012-1442 / CUP 2012-0260 Project Location: 5800 Llano Road, Atascadero, CA (APN 050-351-005) San Luis Obispo County Project Description: Conditional Use Permit application for a residential care facility in the residential suburban zone (RS) zone. Existing care facility is requesting the ability to expand its current occupancy from six (6) residents to a maximum of ten (10) residents. General Plan Designation: Residential Estate (RE) Zoning District: Residential Suburban (RS) Proposed Environmental Determination: Class 1 Exemption, consistent with Section 1501 of the Government Code: Minor alteration of existing structures or facilities. PC Draft Action Minutes of 1/15/13 Page 3 of 5 DISCLOSURE OF EX PARTE COMMUNICATIONS: None Assistant Planner Castillo gave the staff report and explained that A Touch Above Care is a residential care facility in a single-family home and the applicant is proposing to expand to accommodate up to ten (10) residents with two phases. Assistant Planner Castillo showed the proposed floor plan, talked about neighborhood compatibility, and answered questions from the Commission. PUBLIC COMMENT The following people spoke during public comment: Susan Van Alfen, Applicant, and Susan Hanson, daughter of a patient at the residential care facility. Chairperson Ward closed the Public Comment period. MOTION: By Commissioner Bentz and seconded by Commissioner Dariz to adopt PC Resolution 2013-0001 approving PLN 2012-1442 / Conditional Use Permit 2012-0260 to establish a 10-client residential care facility at 5800 Llano Road at APN 050-351-005, subject to conditions of approval and mitigation monitoring. Motion passed 6:0 by a roll-call vote. 3. PLN 2012-1444, INDUSTRIAL ZONING DISTRICT CODE TEXT CHANGE DISCLOSURE OF EX PARTE COMMUNICATIONS: None Applicant: City of Atascadero – 6907 El Camino Real, Atascadero, California 93422 Project Title: PLN 2012-1444 / ZCH 2012-0167 – Industrial Zoning District Code Text Change 2012 Project Location: The entire Industrial Zoning District in the City of Atascadero, primarily located on the east side of Traffic Way between Bajada Ave and Orillas Way. San Luis Obispo County Project Description: Amend the Industrial Zoning District code text (Article 18 of Title 9, Atascadero Municipal Code) to add the “Indoor Recreation” land use category to the list of conditionally allowable uses. Proposed Environmental Determination: CEQA Statutory Exemption Section 15061(b)(3). PC Draft Action Minutes of 1/15/13 Page 4 of 5 Assistant Planner Castillo gave the staff report. Assistant Planner Castillo explained that requests have been made for indoor recreational uses and explained that currently, indoor recreation is allowed in some, but not all zoning districts. He explained allowed use versus conditional use, and answered questions from the Commission. PUBLIC COMMENT None Chairperson Ward closed the Public Comment period. MOTION: By Commissioner Bentz and seconded by Commissioner Dariz to adopt PC Resolution 2013-0002 recommending that the City Council amend the Atascadero Municipal Code by approving PLN 2012-1444/ZCH 2012-0167 to add indoor recreational use as a conditional use in the Industrial Zoning District Citywide. Motion passed 6:0 by a roll-call vote. COMMISSIONER COMMENTS AND REPORTS None 4. PLANNING COMMISSION OVERVIEW PRESENTATION Director Frace gave a presentation on upcoming projects that the Commission will be reviewing in the future as follows:  Eagle Ranch Specific Plan - This is scheduled for the Design Review Committee on January 31, 2013 and will go before Planning Commission and City Council in February, with a request to endorse the concept plan, and thus begin the EIR process.  Climate Action Plan – This has been assigned to the Planning Commission by the City Council and we are participating with the Air Pollution Control District (APCD) on this. The APCD is funding this effort. The City Council will make a final decision on this. There will be a Special Planning Commission meeting on January 29, 2013.  Housing Element – We are in the process of making changes with our housing consultant. This may be ready for Planning Commission in late winter or early spring 2013. PC Draft Action Minutes of 1/15/13 Page 5 of 5  City Council – Current budget comes to an end on June 30th. We will be adopting a new 2-year budget, and there will be a lot of activity at the Council level.  Strategic Planning Workshop – January 25-26, 2013. The Council will look at issues and layout framework.  Training Opportunities – The League of California Cities hosts an annual planning academy. Information will be forthcoming to the Commission.  Stormwater Regulations – The City must adopt new stormwater discharge regulations by summer, and this will affect development within the City.  Master Trail Plan – This trail plan is in conjunction with San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG). SLOCOG is the funding agency and will connect Santa Margarita to San Miguel.  Building Code Update – A new building code will go into effect January 1, 2014, and there will be a process for adoption of the code.  Dormant Permits – The dormant permit program keeps entitlements to projects active and we are seeing a lot of permits come back to life.  Annual Reporting on Housing and General Plan – The Community Development Department is working on this.  Conditional Use Permits – There has been an increase. Director Frace answered additional questions from the Commission on the new hotel project, as well as the Wal-Mart lawsuit. DIRECTORS REPORT None ADJOURNMENT - 8:00 p.m. The next regular meeting of the Planning Commission is scheduled for January 29, 2013, at 7:00 p.m. at City Hall, Council Chambers, 6907 El Camino Real, Atascadero. MINUTES PREPARD BY: ____________________________ Annette Manier, Recording Secretary Adopted t:\~ planning commission\pc agendas\~ pc minutes\pc minutes 13\pc draft actn minutes 1 15 13.am.docx ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 Atascadero Planning Commission Staff Report – Community Development Department Callie Taylor, Senior Planner, 470-3448, ctaylor@atascadero.org PLN 2010-1361 Toolbox & GHG Reduction Measure Review Central Coast Greenhouse Gas Reduction Planning & Local Climate Action Plan SUBJECT The City of Atascadero is currently working with the San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District and the Cities of Paso Robles, Arroyo Grande, Grover Beach, Morro Bay, and Pismo Beach to develop a toolbox of measures to reduce greenhouse gases in compliance with California State Assembly Bill 32. Through this grant funded process, a Climate Action Plan will be developed for each of the participating cities. Atascadero’s individual Climate Action Plan will be presented to the City Council at the end of the process for possible adoption. The Planning Commission has been appointed by the City Council to act as the “Steering Committee” during the development of the Climate Action Plan. In November, the APCD’s consultant released the toolbox of potential Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction measures. The next step is for each City to choose which measures they would like to see in their Climate Action Plan. The APCD consultant will use the measures chosen by the City to write a draft Climate Action Plan document. RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends the Planning Commission review the potential GHG reduction measures and make a recommendation to the City Council regarding which measures should be included in a future Climate Action Plan for the City of Atascadero. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 DISCUSSION Background: In early 2012, a $400,000 grant was made available through PG&E, SoCal Gas and the San Luis Obispo Air Pollution Control District (SLOAPCD) for the Cities of Paso Robles, Arroyo Grande, Grover Beach, Morro Bay, Pismo Beach and Atascadero to collaborate on preparing individual Climate Action Plans. The project is known as the "San Luis Obispo County Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan." The Planning Commission has been appointed by the City Council to act as the “Steering Committee” during the development of the Climate Action Plan, and the public is welcome to attend and participate in these discussions. The City Council stated that local public input and participation is a vital component of this process and is necessary to ensure that Atascadero’s unique environment and local viewpoints are considered. Since the City will ultimately be able to create its own individual Climate Action Plan, t he project should reflect Atascadero’s unique values, environment and community goals. In November 2012, the APCD’s consultant released the model "toolbox" of Greenhouse Gas reduction measure. This “toolbox” lists dozens of potential measures, each of which have several optional or required actions which are part of the overall measure. On November 29, the APCD’s consultant held a public workshop in North County at Templeton Elementary School to obtain input on the potential measures. Comments can also be made at the project website: www.CentralCoastGHGPlanning.com In order to facilitate discussion and obtain direction from the Steering Committee, the Atascadero Planning Commission will meet on January 29 to discuss each measure in detail. The Planning Commission will make a recommendation to the City Council regarding which measures may be appropriate to implement in Atascadero through a future Climate Action Plan. What is a Climate Action Plan? “Climate Action Plans” or “Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plans” are policy documents intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy efficiency and integrate sustainability into municipal and community-wide planning and operations. In order to comply with California State Assembly Bill 32, the City must reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels (an estimated 15% reduction from today’s levels) by the year 2020. A Climate Action Plan lays out how the City intends to reach that target. Similar to a General Plan or a Downtown Revitalization Plan, a Climate Action Plan is a policy document with goals and a work plan which are intended to be implemented over time. Most action measures identified in the Climate Action Plan do not all go into effect immediately; programs take time to be implemented and may require adoption of ordinances or policies prior to seeing any actual changes take place. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 For Atascadero, the City Council, Planning Commission, and the public have clearly expressed the importance of creating a document which is focused on cost-effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with measures which improve the quality of life for residents while reducing costs for individuals, businesses and City operations. Measures which would cause substantial cost burden for residents, business owners, or the City, or measures which require undue mandates are not desired. Why Does Atascadero Need a Climate Action Plan? If the City of Atascadero choses to adopt a Climate Action Plan at the end of this process, then the City will be able to demonstrate compliance with AB 32 and the State requirements for addressing greenhouse gasses. Greenhouse gas emissions are now a mandatory element of any CEQA analysis, and therefore must be considered in and CEQA document the City completes. Having an adopted Climate Action Plan allows the City to utilize streamlining procedures for projects in the environmental review process; if a project is consistent with an adopted Climate Action Plan, the project is considered to not have a significant impact on GHG emissions. However, not taking the steps to address greenhouse gasses can make the City vulnerable to litigation and could jeopardize future projects and development in the City. The City would not be able to demonstrate it is comprehensively mitigating greenhouse gas emissions consistent with Assembly Bill 32 and Senate Bill 97. The risk would be similar to not having an adopted Housing Element. CEQA documents on future development projects would be left open to litigation, and the City could become a target for the Attorney General or other commenting agencies through CEQA. Therefore, while it is ultimately each local city’s decision whether or not to adopt the Climate Action Plan; it is in the City’s best interest to work towards creating a document which the City could live with in order to show that efforts have been made to address and greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Reduction Goals: Updated GHG Inventory & Gap Analysis In November, the APCD consultant completed another update to the GHG Inventory and GAP Analysis to incorporate new refined methodology for calculating on-road VMT and transportation emissions. The update resulted in once again lowering the total baseline emissions for the City of Atascadero, and also subsequently, lowering the 2020 forecasted emissions. Current inventory identifies the City’s 2005 baseline Greenhouse gas emissions level at 141,428 “Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent,” or “MtCO2e.” “Business-as-usual” forecast was adjusted to 172,488 metric tons CO2e by 2020. The City’s Gap Analysis was also updated to reflect the revised data. The Gap Analysis identifies a reduction target of 15% below 2005 levels by 2020, which is consistent with State recommended targets. This gives Atascadero an allowable emissions target of 120,214 MT CO2e by 2020. Based on the reductions from State Measures already implemented, as well as Local Measures the City has completed to date, Atascadero’s ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 2020 Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast is 140,003 MT CO2e. Therefore, the remaining gap necessary to meet the 2020 reduction target is 19,790 MT CO2e. This is the amount of MT CO2e which needs to be met through the new measures or continuation of existing actions identified in the City’s Climate Action Plan. ] ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 ANALYSIS: The Toolbox In November, the APCD’s consultant released the model “toolbox” or list of potential action measures designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There are a total of 36 potential measures, and each measure has several actions which can be chosen or left out as part of that overall measure. The reduction measures are under the following categories:  energy efficiency and conservation  renewable energy  transportation  land use  solid waste reduction  water and wastewater efficiencies  off road vehicles  trees & open space. The toolbox is structured as a series of intricate Excel spreadsheet which are preprogramed with population and land use data about the City; the Excel document automatically calculates reduction potential of measures so that the user can see what the reduction potential of each measure can be. The toolbox includes the list of measures, optional actions and variables, calculations for the GHG reduction potential. Detailed variables and assumptions can be modified to estimate how many people might participates in the action, and what type of energy saving it might get. Associated costs and possible co-benefits for each measure are also identified. This detailed analysis is intended to provide the public and the decision makers the information needed to determine if a toolbox reduction measure is suitable for their community. An abbreviated list of the 36 possible measures and the potential actions associated with each measure is included as Attachment 1 of this report. A complete printed copy of the GHG Toolbox is also included as Attachments 2 and 3. However, in order to evaluate how much reduction credit the City would receive by implementing the measure, the user would need to use the Excel version of the toolbox located at www.CentralCoastGHGPlanning.com Some measures in the toolbox will have a large impact on GHG reduction, and some will be very minimal. Mandatory measures (such as adopted ordinances) typically have more reduction potential than optional measures (such incentive programs). However, whether or not to make something mandatory is completely up to the individual city. There are no measures which must be included in Atascadero’s Climate Action Plan. The City can pick and choose which measures work, and can disregard and leave out any measures that are not favorable. The key with this process of evaluating the toolbox is to find a combination of measures that City feels comfortable with, and ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 to have those measures add up to the total 2020 reduction target of 19,790 MT CO2e. There are a few key areas in the toolbox that could be worth further consideration. In recent years, the City of Atascadero has seen very high volumes of new Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems being installed on private homes and businesses. The PV systems have a high GHG reduction potential for each system installed. In the past six months, the City has received 20 new building permit applications for new PV systems, which total about 120 KW of renewable energy. At the current installation rate, there is a high amount of GHG reduction possible for the City to obtain credit for. Another key measure which may be of particular interest to Atascadero is one which deals with “service nodes.” This measure was derived from the per capita sales tax surplus/gap comparison charts. The areas of “sales tax leakage” identify specific services and goods (such as discount department stores, sit down restaurants, clothing and furniture stores, etc.) which residents currently travel outside of City limits to obtain. This lack of key goods and services equates to lost revenues, but also increased vehicle miles traveled, and therefore increased GHG emissions. The toolbox measure includes working with private developers to encourage convenient commercial and shopping opportunities to shorten drive times; it is basically a strategic form of Economic Development. City staff has asked the consultant and their traffic engineer to use the sales tax leakage charts and the amount of vacant or underutilized commercial land in Atascadero to calculate how much GHG reduction the City would receive by increasing retail and services in areas where they are needed. CONCLUSION The complete list of potential GHG reduction measures is provided as an attachment to this report for review and consideration. At the January 29th Planning Commission meeting, the Commission will have the opportunity to discuss each one of the possible measures, and there will an opportunity for public comment. The Commission will make a recommendation to City Council regarding which measures should be included in a future Climate Action Plan. The toolbox of potential measures will be reviewed and discussed by the City Council at a public meeting before the consultant is given direction to begin the draft Climate Action Plan document. The draft Climate Action Plan will also come before the Planning Commission and the City Council at public meetings for review prior to considering of adoption of the document. If the Commission or any member of the public has any questions about the measures in toolbox, please contact City staff and we will complete additional research on specific measures as needed. Additional information regarding the Central Coast Greenhouse Gas Reduction Planning or the development of a local Climate Action Plan can be located at the project website (www.CentralCoastGHGPlanning.com) or at www.atascadero.org on the Community Development webpage, under “Major Projects.” ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 ATTACHMENTS Attachment 1: List of GHG Reduction Measures and Associated Actions Attachment 2: Toolbox (A): Introduction, Instructions, Demographic Data, , Assumptions & Summary of Measures Attachment 3: Toolbox(B): Detailed Calculations for Each Potential Measure Attachment 4: Actions Previously Completed by the City of Atascadero to Reduce GHG Emissions Attachment 5: Updated Gap Analysis and Reduction Target Attachment 6: Updated GHG Inventory ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 Attachment 1: List of GHG Reduction Measures and Associated Actions Central Coast GHG Planning GHG Reduction Measures and Associated Actions ENERGY 4a - Energy Efficiency Outreach and Incentive Programs  Conduct additional outreach and promotional activities, either individually or in collaboration with San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch, targeting specific groups or sectors within the community (e.g., homeowners, renters, businesses, etc.).  Designate one week per year to conduct an energy efficiency outreach campaign targeting a specific group. The campaign week can also be used to recognize and encourage programs and educational outreach conducted by industry organizations, non-governmental entities, government agencies, and other community groups.  Direct community members to existing program websites, such as Energy Upgrade California and San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch. 4b - Energy Audit and Retrofit Program  Individually or in collaboration with San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch, local utilities, and local jurisdictions to develop and promote a residential and commercial energy audit program with direct installation of no- and low-cost measures by qualified contractors, leveraging existing rebates.  Individually, or in collaboration with San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch to conduct outreach and promotional activities targeting specific groups (e.g., owners of buildings built prior to Title 24 [1980]).  As part of the business licensing and renewal process, encourage businesses to participate in the program and receive an energy audit.  Participate in and promote a single-family residential energy efficiency financing program, such as a Property Assessed Clean Energy [PACE] program, to encourage investment in energy efficiency upgrades.  Continue to participate in and promote the CaliforniaFIRST energy efficiency financing program for multi-family residential and commercial buildings.  Work with Energy Upgrade California, local utilities, and/or community businesses and organizations, to annually conduct a "do-it-yourself" workshop for building energy retrofits.  Highlight the effectiveness of energy audits and retrofits by showcasing the success of retrofits on the City's website or in its newsletter. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 4c - Income-Qualified Energy Efficient Weatherization Programs  Establish partnership with CAPSLO related to income-qualified weatherization programs, such as PG&E's Middle Income Direct Install program.  Identify and promote program, either individually in collaboration with CAPSLO, to additional income-qualified households using additional sources of data available to the City, (e.g., water bills, housing records, etc.) 4d - Energy Conservation Ordinance  Coordinate with the other local jurisdictions in the region to develop a local energy conservation ordinance.  Develop and adopt a local residential energy conservation ordinance.  Enforce existing commercial energy disclosure rules, pursuant to (AB 531) that require commercial businesses to provide twelve months of energy-use information using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. 4e - Incentives for Exceeding Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards  Collaborate with community organizations and businesses, local utilities, and other local jurisdictions in the region to develop and promote a technical assistance and best practices program that aids developers in selecting and implementing energy efficiency measures that exceed State standards.  Identify and provide incentives (e.g., expedited or streamlined permitting, reduced fees, public recognition, etc.) for applicants whose project exceeds State requirements by a specified percent.  Update building permit process to incentivize higher building performance.  Launch an educational campaign for builders, permit applicants, and the general public to promote best practices and incentive program; provide information and assistance about energy efficiency options online and at permit counter. 4f - Energy Efficient Public Realm Lighting Requirements  Develop and adopt an ordinance that requires new development to utilize high efficiency lights in parking lots, streets, and other public areas. 4g - Small Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Incentive Program  Conduct a comprehensive review of the City's solar permitting process based on the Governor's Office of Planning and Research's (OPR) California Solar Permitting Guidebook (June 2012), identifying any existing barriers.  Improve the permit review and approval process for small solar PV systems by implementing recommendations for streamlined permitting identified in the California Solar Permitting Guidebook (e.g., use standardized forms, provide clear written instructions on the permitting process and a checklist of required application materials, make information available on the City's website and at the permit counter, etc.).  Collaborate with other local jurisdictions in the region to standardize requirements across jurisdiction, by using common permit materials, such as checklists and standard plans, to reduce permit submittal errors among contractors working throughout a region. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13  Participate in and promote a residential and commercial renewable energy financing program (through a Property Assessed Clean Energy [PACE] program, CaliforniaFIRST, a joint powers authority with neighboring jurisdictions, or other mechanisms) allowing residential and commercial property owners to voluntarily invest in renewable energy upgrades for their buildings.  Expand education on and promotion of existing incentive, rebate, and financing programs for solar PV systems and solar hot water heaters targeting specific groups or sectors within the community.  Designate one week per year to conduct a renewable energy outreach campaign targeting a specific group. The campaign week can also be used to recognize community members that have implemented noteworthy or unique renewable energy projects. 4h - Income-Qualified Solar PV Program  Collaborate with Grid Alternatives and other community organizations to provide targeted education and outreach to developers and homeowners about incentives offered through the Single Family Affordable Solar Homes (SASH) Program and the Multifamily Affordable Solar Homes Program (MASH).  Provide targeted outreach to homeowners about solar water heating incentives offered through the California Solar Initiative. 4i – Community Choice Aggregation Program (CCA)  Participate in and consider the results of the Renewable Energy Secure Communities project for San Luis Obispo County (SLO-RESCO), a regional partnership working to identify the best mix of resources for clean, secure and affordable energy.  Develop a CCA program and purchase a portfolio comprised of cleaner generation sources above the 33% RPS by 2020. 4j - Municipal Energy Efficiency Retrofits and Upgrades  Adopt a municipal energy target.  Complete energy audits and benchmarking of all municipal facilities, leveraging existing programs, such as PG&E's Automated Benchmarking Service or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ENERGY STAR Challenge program.  Maintain a regular maintenance schedule for heating and cooling, ventilation and other building functions.  Establish a prioritized list of energy efficiency upgrade project and implement as funding becomes available.  Install an energy management system that monitors energy use and controls heating, cooling, and ventilation to increase efficiency. 4k - Municipal Energy Efficient Public Realm Lighting  Conduct an inventory of existing outdoor public light fixtures.  Identify and secure funding to replace inefficient city-owned or -operated public lighting. 4l - Energy Efficiency Requirements for New Municipal Buildings  Review existing municipal building policies and standards. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13  Adopt a policy to exceed Title 24 building efficiency standards by a certain percent. 4m - Renewable Energy Systems on City Property  Install solar or other renewable energy projects at select City facilities.  Identify funding sources and opportunities for municipal renewable energy generation.  Replace inefficient hot water heaters with those powered by solar energy. TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USE 5a - Bicycle Network  Continue to pursue public and private funding to expand and link the city's bicycle network in accordance with its General Plan and Bicycle Plan.  Annually identify and schedule street improvement and maintenance projects to preserve and enhance the bicycle network.  Incorporate bicycle facility improvements into pavement resurfacing, restriping, and signalization operations where the safety and convenience of users can be improved within the scope of work.  Coordinate with and support SLOCOG in the implementation of bicycle plans to facilitate non- auto travel within and between communities.  Collaborate with the San Luis Obispo Bicycle Coalition to assist with event promotions and publications to increase awareness and ridership during Bike Month.  Through conditions of approval, require new subdivisions and large developments to incorporate bicycle lanes, routes, and/or shared-use paths into street systems to provide a continuous network of routes, facilitated with markings, signage, and bicycle parking.  Continue to enforce mandatory California Green Building Standards Code bicycle parking standards for non-residential development. 5b - Pedestrian Network  Continue to pursue public and private funding to expand and link the City's pedestrian network.  Annually identify and schedule sidewalk improvement and maintenance projects to preserve and enhance the pedestrian circulation network.  Incorporate pedestrian-facilities improvements into pavement resurfacing, restriping, and signalization operations where the safety and convenience of users can be improved within the scope of work.  Expand and promote the Safe Routes to School program.  Require through conditions of approval that new development projects provide a pedestrian access network that internally links all uses and connects all existing or planned external streets and pedestrian facilities contiguous with the project site. It would also require that the project minimize barriers to pedestrian access and interconnectivity.  Require new development to implement traffic calming improvements as appropriate (e.g., marked crosswalks, count-down signal timers, curb extensions, speed tables, raised crosswalks, median islands, mini-circles, tight corner radii, etc.) through conditions of approval. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 5c - Expand Transit Network  Work with RTA and transit service providers to implement the Short Range Transit Plan.  Work with the San Luis Obispo Regional Transit Authority and local transit agency to identify and map existing and future bus lines (routes) and transit corridors.  Support the addition of transit routes that provide intercity express services.  Continue to research federal and local funding for transit service upgrade projects.  Require new development to provide safe and convenient access to alternative transportation within the project area and safe access to public transportation as feasible. 5d - Increase Transit Service Frequency/Speed  Work with RTA and transit service providers to implement the Short Range Transit Plan.  Work with RTA and transit service providers to shorten regional service headways to 30 minutes or shorter at commute peaks subject to passenger load demand.  Support streamlined transit services and infrastructure that create a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) network on main commute corridors. 5e - Employer-Based Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program  Develop and adopt a TDM ordinance for employees with 25 or more employees.  Establish performance standards (e.g., trip reduction requirements).  Set up system to require regular monitoring and reporting to assess the employer's status in meeting the ordinance goals (e.g., as part of the business licensing and renewal process). 5f - Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program – Voluntary  Collaborate with San Luis Obispo Ride Share and Ride-On to conduct additional outreach through event promotions and publications, targeting specific groups or sectors within the community (e.g., employers, employees, students, seniors, etc.).  Provide information on and promote existing employer based TDM programs as part of the business licensing and renewal process.  Collaborate with San Luis Obispo Ride Share and the San Luis Obispo Bicycle Coalition to assist with event promotions and publications to increase awareness and ridership during Bike Month and Rideshare month.  Direct community members to existing program websites. 5g - Parking Supply Management  Amend the Municipal Code to reduce parking requirements (e.g., eliminate or reduce minimum parking requirements, create maximum parking requirements, and/or provide shared parking).  Establish optional in-lieu fees in place of minimum parking requirements where appropriate. 5h - Public Parking Pricing  Decouple parking and housing and commercial development in order to allocate the true cost of parking directly to users.  Add meters to public parking spaces, where appropriate, and charge market prices. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13  Set prices to achieve an 85% utilization on each block face and 90% utilization in each off- street lot.  Conduct parking occupancy studies to consider priority areas for price increases. 5i - Electric Vehicle Network and Alternative Fueling Stations  Continue to work with the San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District (APCD), Central Coast Clean Cities Coalition, and neighboring jurisdictions to create and implement the electric vehicle readiness plan through expanding the use of alternative fuel vehicles and fueling stations in the community.  Provide streamlined installation and permitting procedures for vehicle charging facilities, utilizing tools provided in the electric vehicle readiness plan. 5j - Incentives for Infill and Transit Oriented Development  Update land use and zoning code to allow new development in the mixed-use and medium- and high-density land use categories located within ¼-mile of a transit node, existing bus route, or park and ride facility with regularly scheduled, daily service at a minimum density of 20 dwelling units per acre.  Provide and promote incentives (e.g., parking reductions, priority permitting, etc.) for mixed- use and medium- and high-density land use categories located within ¼-mile of a transit node, existing bus route, or park and ride facility with regularly scheduled, daily service at a minimum density of 20 dwelling units per acre.  Develop a form-based zoning code for the central business district/downtown. Form-based codes emphasize building form rather than use. This increases flexibility for a variety of complementary uses to be permitted in the same area, and the potential for mixed-use development, which helps to reduce vehicle miles traveled.  Develop and adopt incentives for live/work developments, such as reduced permit fees, expedited permits, or waiving business license fees for residents in live/work units. Live/work developments allow residents to live at their place of work and thereby reduce vehicle miles traveled and associated GHG emissions. 5k - Service Nodes  Conduct a study of key unserved areas of demand for retail and services.  Adjust zoning and regulations as necessary to encourage and incentivize the development of service nodes. 5l - Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program for Municipal Employees  Establish an ordinance that requires the City to meet employee commute trip VMT reduction targets by offering one or more services from a menu of options, including: Encourage the use of the carpools; Provide ride matching services and assistance; Allow flexible work schedules and telecommuting; Provide end of trip facilities (parking, showers, lockers); Providing subsidized transit passes; hiring a transportation coordinator to manage TDM programs; or others at the employer's discretion.  Hire a transportation coordinator to manage TDM programs.  Require parking cash-out (a requirement that City employers who subsidize employee parking costs provide an equivalent cash reimbursement for employees who choose not to drive). ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 5m - Zero and Low Emission Municipal Fleet Vehicles  Develop and adopt a low- and zero- emissions replacement/purchasing policy for official City vehicles and equipment.  Work with the Central Coast Clean Cities Coalition to obtain funding for low-emission and zero- emission fleet vehicles.  Replace an identified number of vehicles with lower emission vehicles by 2020. OFF-ROAD 6a - Construction Equipment Techniques  Require a percentage of construction equipment to be electrically-powered or use alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG).  Limit heavy-duty equipment idling time to a period of three minutes or less, exceeding the California Air Resources Board's standard of five minutes. 6b - Equipment Upgrades, Retrofits, and Replacements  Continue to support the APCD through the Carl Moyer program.  Conduct additional outreach and promotional activities targeting specific groups (e.g., agricultural operations, construction companies, homeowners, etc.).  Direct community members to existing program websites (e.g., San Luis Obispo Air Pollution Control District, Carl Moyer Grant page). WATER 7a - Exceed SB X7-7 (Water Conservation Act of 2009), Water Conservation Target  Adopt a water conservation ordinance to exceed SB X7-7 by a specified percentage and identify programs to meet that target.  Enhance retrofit programs for existing residences and commercial buildings.  Adopt CALGreen Tier 1 or Tier 2 standards for water efficiency and conservation in new development.  Expand the use of grey water or recycled water infrastructure. SOLID WASTE 8a - Solid Waste Diversion Rate  Adopt a solid waste diversion rate that exceeds the state-mandated rate by a certain percentage (e.g., California's AB 341 identifies a 75% diversion goal for 2020).  Identify programs to meet the identified diversion rate.  Develop an education and outreach program in support of the measure. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 8b - Organic Waste Diversion Program  Develop a program for the expanded collection of organic waste.  Establish a community-wide organics composting program.  Develop a marketing campaign to educate the community about the program. 8c - Construction and Demolition Debris Diversion Requirements  Adopt an ordinance requiring that a specified percentage of construction and demolition debris from development projects be diverted from landfills. 8d - Recycling at Public Events  Develop and adopt an event recycling ordinance. 8e - Municipal Solid Waste Reduction  Develop and adopt a City purchasing policy that emphasizes recycled and recyclable materials.  Install recycling receptacles at municipal buildings and facilities. TREES 9a - Tree Planting Program  Develop a tree planting assistance program.  Develop and adopt tree planting guidelines that address tree and site selection. Emphasis should be placed on native, drought-tolerant trees.  Track the number of trees planted annually. 9b - Municipal Tree Planting Program  Develop and adopt a formal tree planting policy or program and plant a specified number of trees.  Identify and secure grant funding for tree planting. ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 Attachment 2: Toolbox: Introduction, Instructions, demographic data, Assumptions, & Summary of Measures as table See Attached Introduction to the Toolbox This Toolbox serves to assist with evaluating and selecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction measures for the Central Coast GHG Planning project by highlighting key information for each measure, such as GHG reduction potential, cost effectiveness and co-benefits. It contains approximately forty measures considered most applicable to the cities and that can be quantified using current industry established methods. The selected GHG emissions reduction measures ultimately would be included in your City’s Climate Action Plan. Each measure includes the following information to facilitate measure evaluation and selection: measure name, measure description, menu of implementation actions, GHG reduction potential, estimated costs and savings, co-benefits, case studies, implementation details, calculation assumptions, detailed calculation methodology and equations, notes, and references. The measures are organized in six categories: Energy, Transportation and Land Use, Off-Road, Water, Solid Waste, and Trees. Within each category, measures are separated based on whether they are applicable to the community as a whole, or the local government (municipal measures). Community measures contain both voluntary and regulatory measures. While all governments would prefer to solely use voluntary programs to achieve their objectives, staff should consider the relative advantages and disadvantages of the different options available. Voluntary measures encourage GHG reducing actions by residents and businesses in the community. These measures often rely on outreach, public education, and financial incentives. Voluntary measures are usually more acceptable to community members, but the GHG reduction potential can be lower than their mandatory counterparts. To create high levels of participation in voluntary measures, a community often needs to make substantial investments in program development, rebates, or other financial incentives. Regulatory measures require residents and businesses to implement GHG reducing actions through ordinances and other regulations. They are usually implemented in association with other required processes such as building code inspection, pre- occupancy inspection, etc. While less popular, mandatory measures often create higher levels of GHG reduction. If structured appropriately, regulatory measures can be low-cost or cost-neutral. Municipal measures include local government actions that reduce communitywide GHG emissions through the investment in public infrastructure, properties, or equipment. GHG reduction potential and cost vary widely depending on the type and level of action taken. This Toolbox is organized as follows: Introductory Worksheets - 1: Introduction - summarizes purpose and organization of Toolbox. - 2: Instructions - details how to use the Toolbox. - 3: List of Measures - provides a comprehensive list of all the measures and a general description for each. A “measure” is defined as a general way to reduce emissions; detailed implementation actions are provided in each measure worksheet. Individual Measure Worksheets - 4a - 4m: Energy Measures - 5a - 5m: Transportation Measures - 6a-6b: Off-Road Measures - 7a: Water Measure - 8a - 8e: Solid Measures - 9a-9b: Tree Measures The following information is provided for each measure in its individual measure worksheet: measure name, measure description, menu of implementation actions, GHG reduction potential, estimated costs and savings, co-benefits, case studies, implementation details, calculation assumptions, detailed calculation methodology and equations, notes, and references. Introduction to the Toolbox Summary Worksheets - 10: Summary of Measures - summarizes each measure and its GHG reduction potential, costs/savings, and other key details. - 11: Summary of GHG Target and Reduction from Selected Measures - summarizes the City’s 2005 baseline emissions, 2020 adjusted forecast, GHG emissions target (based on a 15% reduction from 2005 emissions levels), remaining GHG reduction necessary to meet the target that will need to be achieved through selected measures, and total GHG reduction potential from GHG measures selected in the Toolbox. - 12: List of Common Assumptions - identifies commonly used assumptions throughout the Toolbox. - 13: Demographic Data - identifies cities' population, households, jobs, etc. used for Toolbox calculations. - 14: Cities Inventory Data - identifies results of the cities' inventories used for Toolbox calculations. About the Methods and Calculations The GHG emission reduction potential of a given measure is quantified following standardized methods for estimating emissions detailed in the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association’s (CAPCOA) report Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures (August 2010). The calculations utilize emissions factors and results from the selected City’s GHG Emissions Inventory, as well as assumptions made by the user about the degree of implementation in the year 2020. Two of the Transportation and Land Use measures, 5j and 5k, are not quantified in the Toolbox, as they will be quantified separately using the San Luis Obispo Council of Government’s Regional Traffic Model to ensure better accuracy with a more complex model. Costs and savings directly associated with the implementation of each measure were estimated for the City, as well as for residents and businesses, where feasible. Costs estimated generally include initial capital costs (e.g., purchase and installation of technology, program development, etc.) needed to produce the emission reductions estimated by the GHG Analysis in 2020, and are based on current (2012) prices. Savings include reduced costs associated with electricity, natural gas, and fuel usage, as well as the reduced need for maintenance, and are also based on current (2012) prices. Costs and savings were estimated using information specific to the region—when available—or for similar cities in the region, State of California, or United States, prioritized in that order. There are numerous factors that will affect the actual costs incurred if the measures are implemented. In some cases, assumptions had to be made about the specific actions taken to implement a given measure, although the actual approach to implementing the measure could vary. Because of the uncertainties and variability associated with costs and savings, they are reported as ranges. In addition, it is important to understand that in many cases, costs and savings are born by different entities. For example, a local government may incur costs associated with planting and maintaining urban trees, but the savings from reduced electricity bills accrue to local businesses and residents. Where appropriate, we distinguish among the key players incurring the costs and savings. GHG Measure Evaluation Toolbox Instructions 1. When you open the workbook, a security warning may appear, depending on the version of Word you have, click the Options or Enable box in the top left corner of the Toolbox and select “Enable.” 2. To begin, select your city’s name from the drop down menu at the top of worksheet “3 - List of Measures” worksheet by clicking on the blue cell (Worksheet 3 -cell C2). This populates key calculation cells throughout the toolbox with city-specific GHG inventory and demographic data. 3. Review the complete list of measures in worksheet “3 -List of Measures” to become familiar with the GHG reduction measures. 4. Move on to the Individual Measure Worksheets (worksheets 4a through 9b). Within each Individual Measure Workbook, there are several items to note:  Blue cells will either appear blank or contain sample data. The cells should be replaced with your own assumptions.  Green cells contain pre-loaded data. These cells may be adjusted, but adjustment is not required.  Grey and white cells should not be modified. *The worksheets are designed so that when the user enters data regarding key assumptions (blue cells under "Calculation Methodology and Equations" toward the bottom of each worksheet) into the worksheet for each measure, the estimated costs and benefits (including GHG emission reductions) are automatically calculated based on those assumptions.* 5. The municipal cost/savings calculations assume $100,000 for a full time City employee. This value may be adjusted by changing the value in blue cell A82 of worksheet 12-Common Assumptions. 6. Each Individual Measure Worksheet contains a “Menu of Implementation Actions.” For each action, the City should identify whether the action is already being implemented (by entering Yes or No), and whether the City would like to include the action in the climate action plan (by entering Yes or No). Please note that some of the actions are required to receive any GHG reduction credit for the measure. Selection of additional actions will ensure maximum credit is received for the measure. 7. As you scroll down in the Individual Measure Worksheet, you should also enter the following data (blue ): Responsible Department/Agency (responsible for measure implementation) and Key Assumptions, cells which are used to calculate the reduction potential, costs, and savings. If desired, you may also wish to adjust the Implementation Mechanism (select from: Codes and Standards, Incentives, Capital Improvement, Municipal Policy or Program, or Conditions of Approval) and/or Implementation Timing (select from: Near Term 2013-2014, Mid-Term 2015-2016, Long-Term 2017-2020) (). green cells 8. Once you have entered your assumptions and obtained costs/savings estimates, please adjust the level of cost savings near the top of the workbook ( ) based on the results. green cells 9. Once you have gone through all the individual measure worksheets, please identify measures you wish to include in your Climate Action Plan by selecting Yes or No ( at the top of each worksheet). (Note blue cell C8 the worksheets for the measures that are not chosen do NOT need to be deleted from the workbook. They will automatically receive a score of zero in worksheet “11 – Summary Reduction & Target”) 10. Worksheet “10 - Summary of Measures” provides a list of all measures and results for easy evaluation. 11. Worksheet “11 - Summary of Reduction and Target” provides the combined reduction potential of the selected measures and compares the reduction potential against the reduction target. SUMMARY OF MEASURES City of Atascadero Category Measure Name Measure Description Energy Energy Efficiency Outreach and  Incentive Programs Expand participation in and the promotion of existing programs, such as Energy Upgrade California and San Luis  Obispo County Energy Watch, to increase community awareness of existing energy efficiency rebates and financial  incentives, and no‐ and low‐cost actions community members can take to increase energy efficiency. Energy Energy Audit and Retrofit  Program Collaborate with San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch, local utility providers, local businesses and organizations  to develop and promote a residential and commercial educational energy audit program with direct installation of  no‐ and low‐cost measures, leveraging existing rebates. Energy Income‐Qualified Energy Efficient  Weatherization Programs Facilitate energy efficient weatherization of low‐ and middle‐income housing through promotion of existing  programs, such as Community Action Partnership (CAPSLO).  Energy Energy Conservation Ordinance Require through a new City ordinance that cost‐effective energy efficiency upgrades in existing buildings be  implemented at point of sale or during major renovation of residential units. A maximum cost ceiling would be  established to protect owners from excessive fees. Energy  Incentives for Exceeding Title 24  Building Energy Efficiency  Standards Provide incentives (e.g., priority permitting, reduced permit fees, etc.) for new development and/or major  remodels that voluntarily exceed State energy efficiency standards by an identified percentage. Energy Energy Efficient Public Realm  Lighting Requirements Require through a new City ordinance that new development utilize high efficiency lights in parking lots, streets,  and other public areas. Energy Small Solar Photovoltaic (PV)  Incentive Program Facilitate the voluntary installation of small solar PV systems and solar hot water heaters in the community  through expanded promotion of existing financial incentives, rebates, and financing programs, and by helping the  average resident and business overcome common regulatory barriers and upfront capital costs. Energy Income‐Qualified Solar PV  Program Facilitate the installation of solar PV systems on and solar hot water heaters in income‐qualified housing units by  promoting existing programs offered through the California Solar Initiative and New Solar Homes Partnership and  by collaborating with organizations, such as Grid Alternatives, on outreach and eligibility. Energy Community Choice Aggregation  Program (CCA) Assembly Bill 117 (2002) enables California cities and counties, either individually or collectively, to supply  electricity to customers within their jurisdiction by establishing a community choice aggregation (CCA) program.  Unlike a municipal utility, a CCA does not own transmission and delivery systems, but is responsible for providing  electricity to residents and businesses. The CCA may own electric generating facilities, but more often, it  purchases electricity from private electricity generators. The City would either individually or through a regional  partnership develop a CCA program and ensure that the energy generation portfolio of the electricity supplied has  a higher percentage of clean energy than that mandated by the State Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). Energy Municipal Energy Efficiency  Retrofits and Upgrades Establish a target to reduce municipal energy use by a certain percent by 2020 and implement cost‐effective  improvements and upgrades to achieve that target.  Energy Municipal Energy Efficient Public  Realm Lighting The City would continue to replace city‐owned or ‐operated street, traffic signal, park, and parking lot lights with  higher efficiency lamp technologies.  Energy Energy Efficiency Requirements  for New Municipal Buildings Adopt a policy to exceed minimum Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards by a certain percentage for the  construction or renovation of new City buildings and facilities. Energy Renewable Energy Systems on  City Property The City would pursue municipally‐owned renewable energy generation facilities.  Transportation  and Land Use Bicycle Network Continue to improve and expand the city's bicycle network and infrastructure. Transportation  and Land Use Pedestrian Network Continue to improve and expand the city's pedestrian network. Transportation  and Land Use Expand Transit Network Work with the Regional Transit Authority (RTA) and transit service providers to expand the local transit network  (i.e., additional routes or stops, and/or expanded hours of operation) based on the greatest demand for service. Transportation  and Land Use Increase Transit Service  Frequency/Speed Work with the Regional Transit Authority (RTA) and transit services providers to increase transit service frequency  (i.e., reducing headways) by identifying routes where increased bus frequency would improve service. 1 Transportation  and Land Use Employer‐Based Transportation  Demand Management (TDM)  Program Require through a new City ordinance that employers with 25 or more employees develop a TDM program that  provides encouragement, incentives, and support for employees to reduce their single occupancy vehicle trips.  Some examples of resources and incentives include telecommuting, alternative scheduling (e.g., 9/80 or 4/40  work schedules), rideshare matching, and walking, cycling and transit incentives.  Transportation  and Land Use Transportation Demand  Management (TDM) Program ‐  Voluntary Work with San Luis Obispo Regional Ride Share and Ride‐On to conduct additional outreach and marketing of  existing TDM programs and incentives to discourage single‐occupancy vehicle trips and encourage alternative  modes of transportation, such as carpooling, taking transit, walking, and biking. Transportation  and Land Use Parking Supply Management Amend the Municipal Code to reduce parking requirements in areas such as the downtown where a variety of  uses and services are planned in close proximity to each other and to transit. Transportation  and Land Use Public Parking Pricing Establish market‐based pricing for public parking spaces, where appropriate. Transportation  and Land Use Electric Vehicle Network and  Alternative Fueling Stations The City would continue to work with the San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District (APCD), Central  Coast Clean Cities Coalition, and neighboring jurisdictions to create and implement the electric vehicle readiness  plan. The City would continue to pursue funding for plug‐in electric vehicle charging stations. Transportation  and Land Use Incentives for Infill and Transit  Oriented Development The City would identify and implement additional incentives to encourage mixed‐use, higher density, and infill  development near transit routes, in existing community centers/downtowns, and in other designated areas.  Incentives may include, but are not limited to, priority permitting, lower permit fees, density bonuses, or reduced  parking requirements. Transportation  and Land Use Service Nodes Work with private developers to encourage the development of convenient commercial and shopping  opportunities near existing employment and/or residential areas, through incentives or the removal of existing  regulatory barriers, as a means of shortening the distance between origins and destinations, and increasing the  potential for walking or biking to obtain services.  Transportation  and Land Use Transportation Demand  Management (TDM) Program for  Municipal Employees The City would implement a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) program for its own employees.  Reduced single‐occupant vehicle commuting would reduce GHG emissions. Transportation  and Land Use Zero and Low Emission Municipal  Fleet Vehicles Continue to replace official City vehicles and equipment with low‐emission and zero‐emission vehicles, including  smaller, hybrid, electric, compressed natural gas, biodiesel, and neighborhood electric vehicles. Off‐Road Construction Equipment  Techniques Reduce GHG emissions from construction equipment by requiring various actions as appropriate to the  construction project. Off‐Road Equipment Upgrades, Retrofits,  and Replacements The City would support the APCD programs that fund equipment upgrades, retrofits, and replacement through  the Carl Moyer heavy‐duty vehicle and equipment program or other funding mechanisms. Water Exceed SB X7‐7 (Water  Conservation Act of 2009), Water  Conservation Target The City would adopt a water conservation target that exceeds the SB X7‐7*, (Water Conservation Act of 2009),  target and identify and implement additional water efficiency and conservation measures to meet that target by  2020.  Solid Waste Solid Waste Diversion Rate The City would adopt a specified solid waste diversion rate that exceeds the state‐mandated rate of 50% and  identify programs to meet the identified rate by 2020. Solid Waste Organic Waste Diversion Program The City would develop a combined or separate organic waste (yard trimming, food scraps, and food‐soiled paper)  collection system and encourage residents and businesses to divert these materials from landfills. The City would  develop a marketing campaign to educate the community and facilitate composting. Solid Waste Construction and Demolition  Debris Diversion Requirements Require the reuse or recycling of construction and demolition materials from development projects beyond the  state‐mandated 50% requirement. Solid Waste Recycling at Public Events The City would adopt an ordinance requiring the provision of recycling receptacles at all events requiring a permit  or held on City‐owned or ‐operated property. Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Reduction Adopt a specified solid waste diversion rate and identify steps to meet that rate by 2020. Trees and Open  Space Tree Planting Program Develop a program to facilitate voluntary tree planting within the community, working with local non‐profit  organizations and community partners.  Develop and adopt tree planting guidelines that address tree and site  selection.  Trees and Open  Space Municipal Tree Planting Program Establish a tree planting program to increase the number of native, drought‐tolerant trees on City‐owned  property, parks and streetscapes. 2 SUMMARY OF MEASURESCategory Measure Name Measure DescriptionApplicability (Community or Municipal Measure)GHG Reduction Potential in 2020       (MT CO2e)Actual Measure or CommitmentVoluntary or MandatedImplementation MechanismAggregated Municipal CostsAggregated Municipal SavingsPer Unit Community CostsPer Unit Community SavingsWas this Strategy Selected? (Yes = 1, No = 0) NotesEnergy Energy Efficiency Outreach and Incentive ProgramsExpand participation in and the promotion of existing programs, such as Energy Upgrade California and San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch, to increase community awareness of existing energy efficiency rebates and financial incentives, and no- and low-cost actions community members can take to increase energy efficiency.Community 396Percent of households & businesses participating; percent energy (electricity and natural gas) savingsVoluntary Incentives Very Low None Varies Low1Energy Energy Audit and Retrofit ProgramCollaborate with San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch, local utility providers, local businesses and organizations to develop and promote a residential and commercial educational energy audit program with direct installation of no- and low-cost measures, leveraging existing rebates.Community 1,099Number of residential and non-residential buildings retrofitted by 2020; percent energy (electricity and natural gas) savingsVoluntary Incentives Very Low NoneVery Low to MediumVery Low to Medium1Energy Income-Qualified Energy Efficient Weatherization ProgramsFacilitate energy efficient weatherization of low- and middle-income housing through promotion of existing programs, such as Community Action Partnership (CAPSLO). Community 88Residential units upgraded by 2020; percent energy (electricity and natural gas) savingsVoluntary Incentives Very Low None None Very Low 1Energy Energy Conservation OrdinanceRequire through a new City ordinance that cost-effective energy efficiency upgrades in existing buildings be implemented at point of sale or during major renovation of residential units. A maximum cost ceiling would be established to protect owners from excessive fees.Community 1,459Number of residential and non-residential buildings retrofitted by 2020; percent energy (electricity and natural gas) savingsMandatoryCodes and StandardsLow NoneVery Low to MediumVery Low to Medium0Energy Incentives for Exceeding Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency StandardsProvide incentives (e.g., priority permitting, reduced permit fees, etc.) for new development and/or major remodels that voluntarily exceed State energy efficiency standards by an identified percentage.Community 227New residential and commercial units that exceed State standards by 2020; percentage of energy (electricity and natural gas) savingsVoluntary Incentives Very Low None MediumVery Low to Low0Energy Energy Efficient Public Realm Lighting RequirementsRequire through a new City ordinance that new development utilize high efficiency lights in parking lots, streets, and other public areas.Community 4Number of LED or CFL public realm lights installed by 2020MandatoryCodes and StandardsVery Low Very Low Very Low Very Low 01 Energy Small Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Incentive ProgramFacilitate the voluntary installation of small solar PV systems and solar hot water heaters in the community through expanded promotion of existing financial incentives, rebates, and financing programs, and by helping the average resident and business overcome common regulatory barriers and upfront capital costs.Community 705kW of residential and commercial solar PV installations and number of solar hot water heaters installedVoluntary Incentives Very Low None High Low to High 1Energy Income-Qualified Solar PV ProgramFacilitate the installation of solar PV systems on and solar hot water heaters in income-qualified housing units by promoting existing programs offered through the California Solar Initiative and New Solar Homes Partnership and by collaborating with organizations, such as Grid Alternatives, on outreach and eligibility.Community 76kW of PV and solar hot water heaters installedVoluntary Incentives Very Low None None Medium 0Energy Community Choice Aggregation Program (CCA)Assembly Bill 117 (2002) enables California cities and counties, either individually or collectively, to supply electricity to customers within their jurisdiction by establishing a community choice aggregation (CCA) program. Unlike a municipal utility, a CCA does not own transmission and delivery systems, but is responsible for providing electricity to residents and businesses. The CCA may own electric generating facilities, but more often, it purchases electricity from private electricity generators. The City would either individually or through a regional partnership develop a CCA program and ensure that the energy generation portfolio of the electricity supplied has a higher percentage of clean energy than that mandated by the State Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS).Community 2394Percent reduction in carbon intensity of electricity above RPSVoluntary City Program Low Low NoneVery Low - Low0Energy Municipal Energy Efficiency Retrofits and UpgradesEstablish a target to reduce municipal energy use by a certain percent by 2020 and implement cost-effective improvements and upgrades to achieve that target. Municipal 59Percent energy (electricity and natural gas) savingsVoluntary City Program Varies Medium None None 0Energy Municipal Energy Efficient Public Realm LightingThe City would continue to replace city-owned or -operated street, traffic signal, park, and parking lot lights with higher efficiency lamp technologies. Municipal 7Number of LED or CFL lights installedVoluntaryCapital ImprovementLow Very Low None None 0Energy Energy Efficiency Requirements for New Municipal BuildingsAdopt a policy to exceed minimum Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards by a certain percentage for the construction or renovation of new City buildings and facilities.Municipal 17New municipal building square feet by 2020; percent energy (electricity and natural gas) savingsMandatoryCapital ImprovementHigh Very Low None None 0Energy Renewable Energy Systems on City PropertyThe City would pursue municipally-owned renewable energy generation facilities. Municipal 14kw of municipal solar PV and number of solar water heaters installedVoluntaryCapital ImprovementHigh Low None None 02 Transportation and Land UseBicycle NetworkContinue to improve and expand the city's bicycle network and infrastructure.Community 548Miles of new bike lanes, routes, and paths by 2020MandatoryCodes and StandardsLow None None Varies 0Transportation and Land UsePedestrian NetworkContinue to improve and expand the city's pedestrian network.Community 63Miles of added sidewalk by 2020MandatoryCapital ImprovementLow None None Varies 0Transportation and Land UseExpand Transit NetworkWork with the Regional Transit Authority (RTA) and transit service providers to expand the local transit network (i.e., additional routes or stops, and/or expanded hours of operation) based on the greatest demand for service.Community 57Percent increase in transit serviceMandatory PolicyVery Low None Very Low Medium 0Transportation and Land UseIncrease Transit Service Frequency/SpeedWork with the Regional Transit Authority (RTA) and transit services providers to increase transit service frequency (i.e., reducing headways) by identifying routes where increased bus frequency would improve service.Community 23Percentage reduction in transit headwaysMandatory PolicyVery Low None Very Low Medium 0Transportation and Land UseEmployer-Based Transportation Demand Management (TDM) ProgramRequire through a new City ordinance that employers with 25 or more employees develop a TDM program that provides encouragement, incentives, and support for employees to reduce their single occupancy vehicle trips. Some examples of resources and incentives include telecommuting, alternative scheduling (e.g., 9/80 or 4/40 work schedules), rideshare matching, and walking, cycling and transit incentives. Community 208Percent of businesses with more than 25 employeesMandatoryCodes and StandardsVery Low None None Very Low 0Transportation and Land UseTransportation Demand Management (TDM) Program - VoluntaryWork with San Luis Obispo Regional Ride Share and Ride-On to conduct additional outreach and marketing of existing TDM programs and incentives to discourage single-occupancy vehicle trips and encourage alternative modes of transportation, such as carpooling, taking transit, walking, and biking.Community 110Percent of employees participatingVoluntary PolicyVery Low None None Very Low 0Transportation and Land UseParking Supply ManagementAmend the Municipal Code to reduce parking requirements in areas such as the downtown where a variety of uses and services are planned in close proximity to each other and to transit.Community 339Net reduction in parking spaces; new parking spaced by 2020 forecast under existing regulationsMandatoryCodes and StandardsVery Low None None Very Low 0Transportation and Land UsePublic Parking PricingEstablish market-based pricing for public parking spaces, where appropriate.Community 342Number of public parking spaces where parking pricing would apply; percentage increase in parking pricesVoluntaryCapital ImprovementLow High Medium Very Low 03 Transportation and Land UseElectric Vehicle Network and Alternative Fueling StationsThe City would continue to work with the San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District (APCD), Central Coast Clean Cities Coalition, and neighboring jurisdictions to create and implement the electric vehicle readiness plan. The City would continue to pursue funding for plug-in electric vehicle charging stations.Community 1,984Percent adoption of electric vehicles based on implementation of comprehensive EV NetworkVoluntary Policy Very Low None None None 0Transportation and Land UseIncentives for Infill and Transit Oriented DevelopmentThe City would identify and implement additional incentives to encourage mixed-use, higher density, and infill development near transit routes, in existing community centers/downtowns, and in other designated areas. Incentives may include, but are not limited to, priority permitting, lower permit fees, density bonuses, or reduced parking requirements.Community 2,098Number of new homes and/or businesses within 0.25 miles of transitVoluntary PolicyLow None Varies Medium 0Transportation and Land UseService NodesWork with private developers to encourage the development of convenient commercial and shopping opportunities near existing employment and/or residential areas, through incentives or the removal of existing regulatory barriers, as a means of shortening the distance between origins and destinations, and increasing the potential for walking or biking to obtain services. Community Not calculatedPercent of new homes within walking distance of retail and services.Voluntary PolicyVery Low to LoNone Varies Varies 0Transportation and Land UseTransportation Demand Management (TDM) Program for Municipal EmployeesThe City would implement a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) program for its own employees. Reduced single-occupant vehicle commuting would reduce GHG emissions.Municipal 28Percent City employee participationVoluntaryCodes and StandardsVery Low Low None None 0Transportation and Land UseZero and Low Emission Municipal Fleet VehiclesContinue to replace official City vehicles and equipment with low-emission and zero-emission vehicles, including smaller, hybrid, electric, compressed natural gas, biodiesel, and neighborhood electric vehicles.Municipal 26Number of municipal vehicles replaced by 2020 Voluntary PolicyMedium Very Low None None 0Off-RoadConstruction Equipment TechniquesReduce GHG emissions from construction equipment by requiring various actions as appropriate to the construction project.Community 1,604Percent of construction equipment replaced with electric equipment/alternatively fueled equipmentMandatoryCodes and StandardsVery Low None Varies Varies 0Off-RoadEquipment Upgrades, Retrofits, and ReplacementsThe City would support the APCD programs that fund equipment upgrades, retrofits, and replacement through the Carl Moyer heavy-duty vehicle and equipment program or other funding mechanisms.Community 8Percent of off-road equipment replaced with electric equipment/alternative fuel vehiclesVoluntary Incentives Low None None Varies 04 WaterExceed SB X7-7 (Water Conservation Act of 2009), Water Conservation TargetThe City would adopt a water conservation target that exceeds the SB X7-7*, (Water Conservation Act of 2009), target and identify and implement additional water efficiency and conservation measures to meet that target by 2020. Community 22Percent water savings above SBx7-7MandatoryCodes and StandardsLow None Varies Varies 0Solid WasteSolid Waste Diversion RateThe City would adopt a specified solid waste diversion rate that exceeds the state-mandated rate of 50% and identify programs to meet the identified rate by 2020.Community 1,387Percent waste diversion beyond State-mandated 50% (2020)Mandatory PolicyLow None None None 0Solid WasteOrganic Waste Diversion ProgramThe City would develop a combined or separate organic waste (yard trimming, food scraps, and food-soiled paper) collection system and encourage residents and businesses to divert these materials from landfills. The City would develop a marketing campaign to educate the community and facilitate composting.Community 308Percent diversion of organic wasteMandatory Incentives Very Low None None None 0Solid WasteConstruction and Demolition Debris Diversion RequirementsRequire the reuse or recycling of construction and demolition materials from development projects beyond the state-mandated 50% requirement.Community 161Percent waste diversion beyond State-mandated 50% (2020)MandatoryCodes and StandardsVery Low None None None 0Solid WasteRecycling at Public EventsThe City would adopt an ordinance requiring the provision of recycling receptacles at all events requiring a permit or held on City-owned or -operated property.Community 2Percentage of waste recycled at public eventsMandatoryCodes and StandardsVery Low None None None 0Solid WasteMunicipal Solid Waste ReductionAdopt a specified solid waste diversion rate and identify steps to meet that rate by 2020.Municipal 7Percent waste diversion beyond State-mandated 50% (2020); number of new recycling receptaclesMandatory PolicyLow None None None 0Trees and Open SpaceTree Planting ProgramDevelop a program to facilitate voluntary tree planting within the community, working with local non-profit organizations and community partners. Develop and adopt tree planting guidelines that address tree and site selection. Community 6Number of trees planted (net new trees)VoluntaryCapital ImprovementLow None Very Low None 0Trees and Open SpaceMunicipal Tree Planting ProgramEstablish a tree planting program to increase the number of native, drought-tolerant trees on City-owned property, parks and streetscapes.Municipal 6Number of net new trees planted on City-owned propertyMandatory City Program Low None None None 05 SUMMARY OF GHG TARGET AND MEASURE REDUCTIONS MT CO2e2020 2005 Baseline 141,428 2020 Adjusted Forecast 140,003 2020 Target (15% below 2005 baseline)120,214 Targeted Reduction from CAP Measures 19,790 Total Reduction from Selected Toolbox  Measures 2,288 105,000 110,000 115,000 120,000 125,000 130,000 135,000 140,000 145,000 2005 2020 2005 Baseline 2020 Adjusted Forecast 2020 Target (15% below 2005 baseline) GHG Emissions with Selected Toolbox Measures Arroyo Grande Population Households Jobs PG&E Non-Residential Accounts 2005 16,330 7,227 7,940 1,365 2020 18,407 8,188 5,800 997 CAGR 0.80%0.84%-2.07% Atascadero Population Households Jobs PG&E Non-Residential Accounts 2005 25,940 10,505 8,550 1,958 2020 28,003 11,893 9,300 2,130 CAGR 0.51%0.83%0.56% Grover Beach Population Households Jobs PG&E Non-Residential Accounts 2005 13,100 5,589 3,160 1,034 2020 13,432 5,878 6,800 2,225 CAGR 0.17%0.34%5.24% Morro Bay Population Households Jobs PG&E Non-Residential Accounts 2005 10,310 6,513 3,390 998 2020 10,244 6,348 4,000 1,178 CAGR -0.04%-0.17%1.11% Paso Robles Population Households Jobs PG&E Non-Residential Accounts 2005 27,580 10,640 14,270 2,391 2020 32,137 12864 13,000 2,178 CAGR 1.02%1.27%-0.62% Pismo Beach Population Households Jobs PG&E Non-Residential Accounts 2005 8,620 5,697 3,160 879 2020 7,954 5768 4,500 1,252 CAGR -0.53%0.08%2.38% Sources: 2005 population, household and employment data from San Luis Obispo Council of Governments, "Long Range Socio-Economic Projections (Year 2030)" prepared by Economic Research Associates (ERA), July 2006revision. 2020 population, household, and employment data from the San Luis Obispo County 2040 Population, Housing & Employment Forecast prepared for SLOCOG by AECOM, August 2011. Demographic Data Used in Measure Worksheets Residential Energy Intensity Electric Use Intensity = 3.5 kwh/ square foot/ year Natural Gas Use Intensity=0.3 therms/ square foot/ year Average Annual Residential Energy Usage Average Annual Electric Usage=5,454 kWh/household/ year Average Annual Natural Gas Usage=377 therms/ household/year Commercial Energy Intensity Electric Use Intensity = 12.95 kwh/square foot/year Natural Gas Use Intensity=0.3 therms/square foot/year Energy: 2020 GHG Emissions Factors 0.133 53.20 Energy (Residential): Projected 2020 Energy Costs $/kwh $0.19 $/therm $0.92 Energy (Commercial/Industrial): Projected 2020 Energy Costs $/kwh $0.19 $/therm $0.81 Transportation: 2020 Emissions Factor Composite emissions factor (Cef) =0.000374 Transportation: Cost $0.555 Vehicle Use Percentages Vehicle Fuel & Type Vehicle Type Percentage (%) Passenger 48.85% Light Duty 43.39% Heavy Duty 0.99% Passenger 0.34% Light Duty 2.30% Heavy Duty 4.14% Water Measure Assumptions 174,000 0.00115 0.0023 Solid Waste Characterization Paper products Food Waste Plant Debris Wood / Textiles All Other Waste 21.00%14.60%6.90%21.80%35.70% kWh saved per gallon of water reduced From California Integrated Waste Management Board's 2004 Waste Characterization Study Average electric use intensity for residential buildings in kWh/sq ft (California Energy Commission [CEC] 2010 Residential Appliance Saturation Survey [RASS]). Used Average natural gas usage intensity for residential buildings in therms/sq ft (RASS, 2010). Average electric use intensity for commercial buildings in PG&E territory in kWh/sq Average natural gas usage intensity for commercial buildings in PG&E territory in therms/sq ft (CEC 2005 California End Use Survey, Table 9-1, page 184). Average emissions factor in 2020 from PG&E and Local Government Operations Protocol [LGOP] v1.1 in metric tons CO 2e/MWh (takes into account Renewable Portfolio Standard) Average annual electric use for residential buildings in kWh/household/year. (Average for the six cities from 2005 baseline GHG emissions inventories; Pacific Gas and Electric Company [PG&E]). Average annual natural gas use for residential buildings in therms/household/year. (Average for the six cities from 2005 baseline GHG emissions inventories; Southern California Gas Company [SoCalGas]). Residential sector average energy use: 36% electricity and 64% natural gas. (Average for six cities from 2005 baseline GHG inventory) Non-residential sector average energy use: 61% electricity and 39% natural gas. (Average for six cities from 2005 baseline GHG inventory) Gasoline Diesel Average emissions factor from SoCalGas and LGOP v1.1 for natural gas (kg CO 2e/MMBtu) 2012 average electricity rates were taken from the PG&E website. (http://www.pge.com/tariffs/rateinfo.shtml). Used basic general service rates. 2012 average natural gas rates were taken from the SoCalGas website. (http://www.socalgas.com/for-your-business/prices/ ). 2012 average electricity rates were taken from the PG&E website. (http://www.pge.com/tariffs/rateinfo.shtml). Used basic general service rates. 2012 average natural gas rates were taken from the SoCalGas website. (http://www.socalgas.com/for-your-business/prices/ ). Notes: 200 therms/year are used on heating hot water in every household (UC Irvine reference) and each household uses 174,000 gallons of water/year (AWWA reference). Thus, on average, 200/174,000 = therm usage per gallon of water usage in a typical household (0.00115 therm used / gallon of water used). Average household water consumption (174,000 gallons/year, as per AWWA) Private vehicle operating cost per mile, as of 2012 (Internal Revenue Service 2012 Mileage Rate) Composite emissions factor in Metric Tons CO2e per vehicle mile traveled (VMT); accounts for Pavley I and Low Carbon Fuel Standard. From California Air Resources Board's EMFAC2011 tool for San Luis Obispo County. therms saved per gallon of water reduced Common Assumptions Used in the GHG Emission Reduction and Cost-Savings Calculations Public Events Waste Characterization Paper products Food Waste Plant Debris Wood / Textiles All Other Waste 38.90%18.40%17.90%1.80%23.00% Average Annual Solid Waste Tonnage Per Capita 1.13 tons/capita/year Solid Waste Emissions Factors by Category Paper Products 2.138 tonnes/tonnes CO2e Food Waste 1.210 tonnes/tonnes CO2e Plant Debris 0.686 tonnes/tonnes CO2e Wood/Textiles 0.605 tonnes/tonnes CO2e All Other Waste 0.000 tonnes/tonnes CO2e Carbon Sequestration Rate 0.0121 MT CO2/tree/year 4.31 MT CO2/acre/year Unit size 1,545 4,500 Annual Salary of Full Time City Employee $100,000 Dollars No reduction may be quantified for preservation or mitigation of trees or vegetative space . Net new trees and acreage only. Average dwelling size for units in PG&E territory (square feet) From 2009 RASS - Average square footage for residences in square feet/unit. Average of CEC Climate Zone 4 and 5. Average commercial building size (square feet) From CAPCOA Quantifying GHG Mitigation Measures Report, page 403. From CAPCOA Quantifying GHG Mitigation Measures Report, page 406. From USEPA Waste Reduction Model (WARM) From California Integrated Waste Management Board 2006 Report "Waste Disposal and Diversion Findings for Selected Industry Groups," Public Venues and Events Category Attachment 3: Toolbox: detailed analysis & calculations for each potential measure See Attached ITEM NUMBER: ITEM NUMBER: 2 DATE: 1-29-13 Attachment 4: Attachment 4: Actions Previously Completed by Atascadero to Reduce GHG Emissions See Attached City of Atascadero 6907 El Camino Real Atascadero, CA 93422 Sustainability and Energy Efficiency Efforts Activity Purpose Description Date Alternative Transportation & Fuel Reduction Public Transportation Carbon Reduction  City expanded public transportation system to include hourly transportation along major shopping, education, health service and housing corridors  Buses equipped with bicycle racks and connect to regional and national bus service and rail for expanded multi-modal opportunities Ongoing since 2011 Atascadero Bicycle Transportation Plan Carbon Reduction Eco Tourism Healthy Communities  Plan provides a blueprint for the development of a comprehensive bicycling system to facilitate bicycle transportation and encourage recreational cycling  Developed through public workshops to gather input on routes, connections, bicycle tourism, enhancements & facilities  Adopted plan will allow for the City to be eligible for State and Federal grants to construct bike routes Bike Plan adopted November 2010 Atascadero Trail System Carbon Reduction Eco Tourism Healthy Communities  “Atascadero Creek Trail Enhancement Project” constructed along HWY 41 from San Gabriel to Portola, and design in process to connect El Camino Real to the Colony Park Community Center & Stadium Park  Portions of Salinas River trail constructed  Ongoing work with ALPS to establish trails throughout City parks & help acquire additional land for open space and future trails Trail plan approved 2006 Installation of trails ongoing North County Regional Trail System Carbon Reduction Eco Tourism Healthy Communities  Currently working with SLOCOG on the “North County Regional De Anza Trail Master Plan,” funded by a Caltrans planning grant  Regional effort to create a safe and fully integrated off‐highway, multiuse trail system for recreationalists and commuters; will connect all communities in North County, from San Miguel to Santa Margarita, along the Salinas River & De Anza Trail  Adopted plan will allow for the City to be eligible for State and Federal grants to construct multiuse trails Grant received 2012 Master plan in process Sidewalks & Bike Lanes Installed Carbon Reduction Healthy Communities  Bike lanes & sidewalks installed on El Camino Real & Traffic Way to connect major commercial and residential corridors  “Safe Routes to School” bike lanes, striping, signage & sidewalks installed near Atascadero High school, San Gabriel & Santa Rosa Schools Ongoing since 2008 Ride Share Programs Carbon Reduction  Public Park & Ride lots located off HWY 101 at Santa Barbara Road & San Luis Ave. Bike lockers installed at both Park & Ride lots  Worked with Topaz Solar Farm to establish Park & Ride lot to facilitate bus transportation to Carrizo Plain during project construction Park & Ride expansion 2009 Solar farm lot est. 2012 Bridges & Pedestrian Connections VMT Reduction Healthy Communities  Lewis Ave. Bridge constructed with sidewalks and bike lanes. Provides much needed connection to reduce travel time, and creates dual circulation system in downtown with non- vehicular travel options  Pedestrian tunnel enhancements to connect High School and residential neighborhoods to downtown through accessway under HWY 101  Currently working on design of pedestrian bridge which will connect the new movie theater to the Sunken Gardens to create a walk able downtown district Lewis Ave. bridge 2006 Ped tunnel 2010 Ped bridge in process Bike Racks Carbon Reduction  Bike rack installation required with all new retail & public projects  Bike racks installed at all existing parks, City facilities and schools Ongoing Bike Month VMT Reduction Healthy Communities  Partnership with SLO Bicycle Coalition to sponsor events to increase awareness & ridership during Bike Month each May.  As a result of engaged staff and Council members, participation increased from 30 to over 300 riders in 2012, with more events planned Annual events City Facility Upgrades Facilities Energy Retro-fit (Phase 1) Energy Conservation  Nine (9) City facilities received light retrofit projects to potentially decrease energy consumption by 37,000 kWh hours per year, which is up to $6,100 in annual energy cost savings 2009 Fire Stations Energy, Resource & Water Conservation  Efficiency and conservation updates at Fire Stations 1 & 2:  Installation of tinted engine bay windows & exhaust extraction system and  Standby generators replacement with propane or natural gas instead of electric  Efficient refrigerators and washers/dryers & low flow toilets/showers/bath faucets 2008/2009 EECBG Grant for Municipal Energy Efficiency Retro-fits Resource & Energy Conservation  California Energy Commission (CEC) completed energy audit using AARA funds to determine what projects would provide the best payback  Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) funded $152,644 in energy efficiency retro-fit projects  Included upgrades at Fire Station 1, Police Station, Pavilion, Police Station, Waste Water Treatment Plant and Public Works Corp Yard - 17 High SEER replacement HVAC units - 17 programmable thermostats - 564 florescent tube lamps 28watt - 119 Low watt T8 ballasts - 18 LED parking lot lights Retrofit kits - 28 Induction wall packs 40watt Dec 2009 Staples Direct Install (Funded by PG&E) Resource & Energy Conservation  Staples Direct Install program for Municipal Facilities; energy savings opportunity made available through the Energy Watch Partnership  77 separate projects completed at five (5) facilities, with an estimated annual energy savings of 51,200 kWh  Upgrades such as occupancy sensors, new light fixtures and light bulb replacements completed at the current City Hall building, Pavilion, Public Works Yard, Wastewater Treatment Plant and Indoor Skate Park Aug 2011 Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrades Resource & Energy Conservation  Continual redesign and improvement of sewer system to reduce energy requirements by taking advantage of gravity flow; two lift stations have been eliminated & a third is slated for elimination  Inefficient pumps & aerators replaced with more efficient models; those not being replaced are being re-wound with more efficient wiring Ongoing since 2009 Colony Park Community Center Energy, Resource & Water  Sustainable construction practices such as use of compressed recycled paper for bathroom partitions and counters, recycled plastics for flooring and counters, and recycled rubber for the sports court Constructed 2006 Conservation  Building is designed to be low maintenance to reduce water, power, and chemical use Charles Paddock Zoo Restroom Facility Public Education Energy, Resource & Water Conservation  New public restrooms incorporate green building features such as:  Rainwater collection & daylighting (no electric lights needed during the day)  Passive ventilation and thermal walls (no HVAC needed)  Straw bale constructed walls & renewable materials throughout  Low flow toilets & faucets Constructed 2011 Historic City Hall Restoration Energy, Resource & Water Conservation  The historic restoration of this 1914 City landmark includes m ajor upgrades for energy efficiency which will result in huge savings in ongoing operating costs:  New high efficiency HVAC units with individual temp controls for every room  Energy efficient light fixtures with occupancy sensors  Energy efficient appliances in break rooms  Low flush water closets and urinals  Added insulation on the 4th floor Construction to be completed 2013 Green Parking Lot at Lake Park Public Education Stormwater  Demonstration project at Lake Park, funded by Urban Greening Grant Program  Replace an existing dirt parking lot with a low impact development parking lot  Designed to mitigate the stormwater runoff and pollutants which enter Atascadero Creek Construction in Process City Facility Policies Energy & Water Conservation  Directive from the City Manager outlining Citywide Energy Conservation Measures issued in September 2008 in order to cut City budget and operation costs  It is the City’s policy to always purchase energy efficient equipment and appliances  10% reduction in combined usage of all City buildings shown between 2009 and 2011, with many facilities showing an energy reduction of 20% or more based on City operations and facility upgrades in just the past few years 2008 Building Operator Certification Course Education Energy, Resource & Water Conservation  Two (2) City employees completed Building Operator Certification Course  Staff was trained to evaluate and improve operational efficiencies in municipal facilities and cut down on energy usage (lighting, thermostats & more)  Operator awareness alone has cut energy use at the Community Center by 20%, and this is a brand new building with modern and energy conscious construction!  Shows that investing in new technologies isn’t enough; well-trained operators make the difference in reducing energy use and costs 2010 Energy Tracking Energy Conservation Education  Currently benchm arking energy performance and water usage of Municipal Facilities to manage overall energy use and identify where the energy consumption hogs are  Monthly usage date within individual buildings & across entire building portfolio is automatically measured and tracked through Portfolio Manager  Will be able to identify new opportunities to save, where to focus energy efficiency efforts, and what rebates and funding sources City is eligible for Data input & setup in process Energy Efficiency SLO Energy Watch Partnership Energy Conservation Education & Outreach  A joint partnership of PG&E, SoCal Gas, Economic Vitality Corporation, SLO County and participating municipalities  Partnership has provided extensive training, outreach, and energy-saving opportunities for the City as well as for local businesses and property owners  The City of Atascadero has taken full advantage of this partnership, becoming a leader in SLO County in obtaining energy grants & upgrading City facilities Participation since 2009 SLO Green Build Partnership Energy, Resource &  City works with SLO Green Build to host community workshops and seminars for homeowners, builders, and the general public Ongoing since 2005 Water Conservation Education & Outreach  Workshops have included: grey water systems, sustainable landscaping, photovoltaic systems and alternative energy production, and green building technologies  City staff meets quarterly with SLO Green Build to discuss how City can encourage sustainable design  A SLO Green Build public information kiosk is located at the City Hall front counter Building Code Energy Conservation Water Conservation  California Green Building Code became effective January 1, 2011  Title 24 energy requirements are strictly enforced for all new construction in the City, including significant energy efficiency standards for lighting and appliances New code adopted 2011 PV System Expedited Permits & Reduced Fees Energy Conservation  The City of Atascadero has the lowest permit fees for solar in the County, and building permits for PV system installation receive expedited processing  This policy and staff dedication ensures safe installation of PV systems while removing perceived road blocks associated with permitting process Ongoing Affordable Solar Home Program (SASH) Energy Conservation  The Single-family Affordable Solar Homes (SASH) Program is a comprehensive low-income solar program made available by California Public Utilities Commission  City staff has been collaborating with Grid Alternatives on outreach and eligibility  As part of the SASH program, PV systems will be installed on 24 new affordable units being constructed next year by People’s Self Help Housing, and hopefully on many more affordable single family homes currently existing throughout the City  SASH is a first-of-its-kind solar program, structured to promote or provide energy efficiency for low income families, workforce development and green jobs training opportunities, and broad community engagement Currently in process Greenhouse Gas Reduction U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement Carbon Reduction  Encourages policies and programs to create well planned communities and improve the urban forest Adopted 2005 SLO Air District GHG Stakeholder Group Carbon Reduction Education  In 2007, the APCD convened a committee of city and county agency stakeholders to initiate a discussion of climate change, including science, policy, funding, mitigation, adaptation, and public engagement  Bimonthly meetings are held to share information, identify funding sources, and develop local programs, policies, and activities that to reduce GHG emissions Ongoing since 2006 Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) Conservation Carbon Reduction  Atascadero joined ICLEI and agreed to participate in the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign  ICLEI provides technical consulting, training, and information services to share knowledge and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level 2009/2010 ICLEI member Greenhouse Gas Inventory Carbon Reduction  Grant funded Greenhouse Gas Inventory identifies major sources of emissions within City  Measures progress made in reducing GHG from City operations and community wide and forecasts how emissions will grow if no behavioral changes or improvements are made Completed 2010 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan Carbon Reduction  Grant funded regional planning project in collaboration with SLOAPCD, PG&E, and the Cities of Paso Robles, Arroyo Grande, Grover Beach, Morro Bay, and Pismo Beach  Development of a local plan to reduce GHG emissions and improve energy efficiency  Recognize local needs and perspectives and focus on practical, implementable solutions Grant Received 2012 Development In process PG&E Climate Smart Program Carbon Reduction  First city in the County to join PG&E program to make energy use at City facilities carbon neutral  Climate Smart program designed to make people aware of the challenges posed by climate change while also helping establish the infrastructure for a low carbon economy in California Since 2005 City Vehicles Emissions  City vehicle idling policies in place to reduce emissions City Operations Reduction  Filters installed on heavy duty diesel engines and old diesel vehicles retired to reduce emissions  Fire Department tests all engines and command vehicles for emissions; two new engines exceed the 2007 EPA specs for trucks and heavy equipment Ongoing Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Emissions Reduction  Partnership with APCD to obtain grant funding to install more charging systems in the City  City staff involvement in program to make California Plug-in Electric Vehicle ready 2012 & Ongoing Land Use & Development Atascadero General Plan Resource Conservation Carbon Reduction  The City’s General Plan is based on the Smart Growth Principles of encouraging infill and reuse of existing land and infrastructure: o Encourage mixed-use infill development & revitalization of the Downtown Core o Preserve & protect the oak woodlands, creeks & wetlands o Minimize hillside grading & preserve a greenbelt around Atascadero Adopted 2002 Mixed Use, Retail & job development Reduce Vehicle Miles Traveled  City Office of Economic Development created to encourage retail, job development, and infill in the downtown & urban core. Providing services and shopping within Atascadero will reduce vehicle miles traveled for residents who currently have to drive for goods and employment  Mixed use promoted, simplified permit process, City and staff support with development projects  Redevelopment Agency funding provided to new businesses and downtown affordable housing  Better jobs to housing balance created so that residents can work, shop and live in the City  High Density Residential areas upzoned in 2011 to increase density in the urban core City Services Ongoing South El Camino Real Corridor Visioning Study Planning for Sustainable Communities  Plan to envision how to integrate housing, economic development, jobs and transportation with a complete street concept for El Camino Real for people, bicycles, transit and automobiles  Collaboration with SLOCOG through a grant from the Department of Conservation; plan will help City to obtain additional grants for infrastructure and improvements along El Camino Real  Pilot project that will be used to illustrate how cities can integrate a mix of land uses and densities, alternative forms of transportation and complete streets 2012 Recycling & Waste Reduction Cold In-Place Road Recycling GHG Reduction Resource Conservation Waste Reduction  City road surface repair project where existing asphalt road is crushed and mixed it with additives then immediately used to repave road in a single process  Innovative road reconstruction process which is a fast, cost-effective alternative to more traditional methods of rebuilding asphalt roadways  “Cold In-Place Recycling” eliminates hundreds of asphalt and gravel truck trips which would traditionally be required to carry out the old asphalt, and carry in new asphalt 2012 City Operations Recycling Program Resource Conservation Waste Reduction  City collaboration on programs with Atascadero Waste Alternatives  Semiannual “Citywide clean-up days” for residents to recycle household waste at no cost  Free curbside co-mingled recycling program and “green waste” recycling program  Atascadero became the first municipal agency in SLO County to reach targeted 50% diversion of citywide trash going to landfill Ongoing Urban Forestry Native Tree Ordinance & Replanting Sites Carbon Reduction  Ordinance requires protection of native trees and replanting or mitigation fees for removals  Tree mitigation funds used to plant almost 1000 new native trees throughout the City, with an additional 500 native trees given to private property owners  Tree and habitat survey completed with GIS and work with biologist to study Atascadero’s oak forest and success of the tree replanting sites Ongoing since1999 Tree City USA & Carbon  Recognized as a Tree City member for 24 years Ongoing Atascadero Native Tree Association (ANTA) Reduction Education  Atascadero Native Tree Association creates tree planting areas and does educational programs and outreach which focus on the care and renewal of native forest Downtown Streetscape Projects & Tree Plantings Reduces urban heat island, City Facilities  Pedestrian and operational improvements including bulb outs, landscaped medians, street trees, street furniture and lighting for the Downtown according to the RVC Plan  Trees planted with the recent upgrades to the waste water facility & corporation yard to create shade and reduce the urban heat island Public Works 2006 & Ongoing Updates to Landscape Ordinance Reduces urban heat island Citywide  Landscape standards adopted for multifamily & commercial developments, plus parking lots to establish minimum requirements for landscape coverage, decorative planting and shade trees Adopted September 2005 Water Conservation Water Conservation Landscape & Irrigation Ordinance Water Conservation Citywide & City Operations  Limits high water use landscapes with new commercial and residential development  Encourages drought tolerant plants that are well suited for Atascadero’s dry climate  Limitations on the amount of turf lawns and spray irrigation Adopted By City Council Jan. 2010 City Facility Operations & Landscape Water Conservation Measures Water Conservation City Operations Cost Savings  Irrigation control systems, with sensors to respond to weather conditions, installed at City parks  Solar panels installed to power the irrigation controller for the landscape areas at Las Lomas  Areas of underutilized turf removed at Atascadero Lake Park, Paloma Creek Park & Fire Station  Drought tolerant and low maintenance landscaping installed in Downtown Streetscape project  City water analysis shows a 25% reduction in water use at City facilities in the past 3 years City Operations Ongoing since 2008 Washing Machine & Toilet Retrofit Programs Water Conservation Citywide Rebates  692 rebates have been distributed by Atascadero Mutual Water Company to customers  $90,300 of equipment installed, including high-efficiency & ultra-low flow toilets, high-efficiency clothes washers, plus cooling tower conductivity meters AMWC 2005 & Ongoing Landscape Rebate Program Water Conservation Citywide Rebates  214 landscape rebates have been distributed by Atascadero Mutual Water Company  $33,123 in rebates have been distributed to customers for turf conservation, lawn aeration, rain sensors, weather-based irrigation controllers, soil moisture sensors, multi-stream rotary nozzles and rainwater harvesting AMWC 2005 & Ongoing Annual Garden Tour & Sustainable Landscape Workshop Series Education Water and Energy Conservation Citywide  Atascadero Mutual Water Company hosts the annual garden tour where residents can gather ideas for beautiful drought tolerant landscapes  Workshops which about irrigation types and plant selection suited to our local climate  Community members learn how to create beautiful outdoor landscapes which use native plants which are water efficient and require minimal maintenance, thereby saving time, reducing the need for fertilizers, pesticides, and use of power equipment AMWC 2010 Home Water Survey Program Water Conservation Citywide Cost Savings  The highly successful Home Water Survey Program is free to customers and helps them conserve water by learning how to manage landscape irrigation more efficiently  AMWC’s water conservation staff helps property owners create a site-specific irrigation schedule, recommended irrigation system improvements for the, and checks for leaks AMWC 2009 Page | 1 Date: November 15, 2012 To: Aeron Arlin Genet Organization: San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District (APCD) From: Richard Daulton cc: Melissa Guise, Shauna Callery Re: City of Atascadero Gap Analysis and Target Refinement SUMMARY This memorandum evaluates and quantifies the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction potential of State and local measures that have been implemented, adopted, and/or programmed since the 2005 baseline inventory year. It also estimates the impact that these measures will have on Atascadero’s 2020 business-as-usual forecast, which allows for determining the remaining gap in emissions reductions that will need to come from new local measures to meet the 2020 target. This memorandum identifies a number of additional opportunities to further reduce Atascadero’s GHG emissions to help meet the 2020 target that may be developed into measures and actions as part of the Climate Action Plan. Based on this evaluation and analysis, State measures will reduce Atascadero’s GHG emissions by 31,570 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e) and local measures will reduce GHG emissions by 915 MT CO2e, for a combined reduction of 32,485 MT CO2e. To meet the 2020 reduction target, Atascadero will need to reduce GHG emissions by an additional 19,790 MT CO2e through new measures that will be detailed in the Climate Action Plan. Based on our review of measures implemented by other jurisdictions in the region, several potential measures in the categories of energy, transportation and land use, waste, water, and trees, parks and open space are identified at the end of this memorandum. INTRODUCTION The City of Atascadero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Update (November 2012) includes a 2005 baseline greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a business-as-usual forecast of how emissions in Atascadero would change in the year 2020, absent any new policies or actions that would reduce emissions. It also establishes a reduction target consistent with Assembly Bill (AB) 32 for the year 2020. Page | 2 Since the 2005 baseline inventory year, however, several State and local measures have been implemented, adopted, and/or programmed that will reduce Atascadero’s GHG emissions and help the City meet its reduction target by 2020. This document estimates the impact that these measures will have on the 2020 business-as-usual forecast. Accounting for these reductions in a “2020 Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast” scenario provides a more accurate picture of future emissions growth and the responsibility of Atascadero in reducing its emissions consistent with AB 32. The difference between the 2020 adjusted business-as-usual forecast and the city’s GHG emissions reduction target represents the “gap” to be closed through further measures identified in this document and to be developed as part of the Climate Action Plan. IMPACT OF STATE MEASURES The AB 32 Climate Change Scoping Plan (2008) identifies several State measures that would reduce GHG emissions within Atascadero. These measures require no additional local action. A brief description of each of these State measures is provided below and the local reduction in GHG emissions is summarized in Table 1. TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF GHG EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS FROM STATE MEASURES IN 2020 State Measure 2020 Reduction (MT CO2e) Clean Car Standards – Pavley, AB 1493 -11,064 Low Carbon Fuel Standard -7,226 Title 24 -592 Renewable Portfolio Standard -12,688 Total Reduction from State Measures -31,570 CLEAN CAR STANDARDS – PAVLEY, ASSEMBLY BILL 1493 Signed into law in 2002, AB 1493 (Pavley I standard) requires vehicle manufactures to reduce GHG emissions from new passenger vehicles and light trucks from 2009 through 2016. Regulations were adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 2004 and took effect in 2009 when the U.S. EPA issued a waiver confirming California’s right to implement the bill. The California Air Resources Board anticipates that the Pavley I standard will reduce GHG emissions from new California passenger vehicles by about 22% in 2012 and about 30% in 2016, while simultaneously improving fuel efficiency and reducing motorists’ costs. Reductions in GHG emissions from the Pavley I standard were calculated using the California Air Resources Board’s EMFAC2011 model for San Luis Obispo County. To account for this standard, EMFAC2011 integrates the reductions into the mobile source emissions portion of its Page | 3 model.1 As shown in Table 1 above, the Pavley I standard is expected to reduce transportation sector emissions in Atascadero by approximately 13.3% (-11,064 CO2e) in 2020 compared to business-as-usual levels. LOW CARBON FUEL STANDARD The Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) requires a reduction of at least 10% in the carbon intensity of California’s transportation fuels by 2020. Measured on a lifecycle basis, the carbon intensity represents the CO2e emitted from each stage of producing, transporting, and using the fuel in a motor vehicle. Based on the EMFAC2011 model results, this translates to an approximately 8.7% reduction (-7,226 MT CO2e) in Atascadero’s transportation sector GHG emissions in 2020 compared to business-as-usual levels. TITLE 24 Although it was not originally intended specifically to reduce GHG emissions, California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 6: California’s Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, was first adopted in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption, which in turn reduces fossil fuel consumption and associated GHG emissions. The standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy-efficient technologies and methods. The updates that have occurred since the 2005 baseline year and, therefore, were not included in the business-as- usual forecast, include the 2008 and 2013 Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards. The California Energy Commission estimates that the 2008 standards reduce consumption by 10% for residential buildings and 5% for commercial buildings, relative to the previous standards. For projects implemented after January 1, 2014, the California Energy Commission estimates that the 2013 Title 24 energy efficiency standards will reduce consumption by 25% for residential buildings and 30% for commercial buildings, relative to the 2008 standards. These percentage savings relate to heating, cooling, lighting, and water heating only and do not include other appliances, outdoor lighting that is not attached to buildings, plug loads, or other energy uses. Therefore, these percentage savings were applied to the percentage of energy use covered by Title 24. 2 The calculations and 2020 GHG emissions forecast assume that all growth in the residential and commercial/industrial sectors is from new construction. Please note that 2008 Title 24 Standards were applied to all forecast years, while 2013 Title 24 Standards were additionally applied to new development projected to occur between 2014 and 2020. As shown in Table 1, 1 Additional details are provided in CARB’s EMFAC2011 Technical Documentation (September 19, 2011), available at http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/emfac2011-documentation-final.pdf 2 Reductions for the 2008 standards are provided in the California Energy Commission’s Impact Analysis, 2008 Update to the California Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (2007), available at http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2008standards/rulemaking/documents/2007-11- 07_Impact_Analysis.pdf. This calculation follows the methodology detailed in the Statewide Energy Efficiency Collaborative’s report, Greenhouse Gas Forecasting Assistant (October 2011). Page | 4 the 2008 and 2013 Title 24 requirements would reduce emissions by approximately 592 MT CO2e in 2020. The AB 32 Scoping Plan calls for the continuation of ongoing triennial updates to Title 24 that will yield regular increases in the mandatory energy and water savings for new construction. Future updates to Title 24 standards for residential and non-residential alterations are not taken into consideration due to lack of data and certainty about the magnitude of energy savings that will be realized with each subsequent update. RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD The State of California Renewable Portfolio Standard requires investor-owned utilities, electric service providers, and community choice aggregators to increase the portion of energy that comes from renewable sources to 20% by 2010 and 33% by 2020. Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) is the electricity provider in Atascadero. In order to calculate future emissions that take into account the Renewable Portfolio Standard, PG&E’s 2020 emissions factor was applied.3 Therefore, this regulation is expected to result in a 40% reduction in GHG emissions resulting from electricity consumption compared to 2020 business-as-usual levels. As shown in Table 1, the Renewable Portfolio Standard would reduce Atascadero’s GHG emissions by approximately by 12,688 MT CO2e in 2020. SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES AND CLIMATE PROTECTION ACT – SENATE BILL 375 Senate Bill (SB) 375, the Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Action of 2008, enhances California’s ability to reach its AB 32 target by aligning regional transportation planning efforts with land use and housing allocations in order to reduce transportation-related GHG emissions. SB 375 requires the ARB to set regional GHG emissions targets for passenger vehicles and light trucks for the years 2020 and 2035 for each of California’s 18 metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). Each MPO is required to prepare a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) as part of its next Regional Transportation Plan that demonstrates how the region will meet its GHG reduction target. The San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) adopted targets for 2020 and 2035 to achieve an 8% reduction in per capita GHG emissions from passenger vehicles. While the outcome of SB 375 in terms of a reduction in vehicle miles traveled per capita is specified by the State, achievement of the target is dependent on regional and local actions and activities that are not regulated by the State. Many of these actions and activities will be inextricably linked to the local climate action plans and including them in the adjusted business- as-usual scenario would likely result in the double counting of emissions reductions. Therefore, SB 375 has not been included as a State measure that would reduce GHG emissions within Atascadero. 3 PG&E. (April 8, 2011). Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Info Sheet. http://www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/shared/environment/calculator/pge_ghg_emission_factor_info_sh eet.pdf Page | 5 IMPACT OF LOCAL MEASURES In addition to the State measures described above, the City of Atascadero has implemented, adopted, and/or programmed a number of local measures since the 2005 baseline inventory year that will reduce the community’s GHG emissions. A brief description of each of these local measures is provided below by topic area and the local reduction in GHG emissions in 2020 is summarized in Table 2 (see Attachment A for supporting details). Many GHG reduction measures can be readily quantified to determine their GHG reduction potential; however, not all measures can be quantified with the information and/or tools that are currently available. In addition, in some cases a measure may support or strengthen another measure, but not result in additional reductions, in which case it is identified as a “support measure.” When sufficient information and tools were available, the GHG reduction potential of a given measure was quantified to determine its 2020 reduction potential. Quantification followed standardized methods for estimating emissions detailed in the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association’s (CAPCOA) report Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures (August 2010).4 4 California Air Pollution Control Officer’s Association’s (CAPCOA) report Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures available at http://www.capcoa.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/CAPCOA- Quantification-Report-9-14-Final.pdf Page | 6 TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF GHG EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS FROM LOCAL MEASURES IN 2020 Local Measure 2020 Reduction (MT CO2e)1 Energy Solar Energy Installation (Residential, Commercial, and Municipal) -215 Municipal Building/Facility Energy Efficiency Improvements -33 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Education and Outreach Not quantified at this time2 Transportation and Land Use Diversity and Density of Land Uses Not quantified at this time3 Transit Improvements -26 Park and Ride Facilities Not quantified4 Bicycle Network Improvements -17 5 Electric Vehicle Charging Station Not quantified2 Waste Green Waste Program Not quantified at this time2 Construction and Demolition Debris Diversion -569 Water Water Conservation Programs -19 Trees and Other Vegetation Tree Planting -36 Streetscape Improvements Not Quantified Total Reduction from Local Measures -915 1 Supporting information pertaining to the reduction calculations is provided in Attachment A to this document. 2 To be accounted for as part of CAP with continued implementation and monitoring procedures to support potential reductions. See Attachment A for additional information. 3 The SLOCOG 2010 travel demand model used to estimate 2005 baseline and 2020 VMT is based on year 2009- 2011 traffic counts and adopted City land uses as of 2010. Therefore, land uses established prior to 2011 are already captured in the SLOCOG travel demand model forecasting process; however, the high density residential areas up zoned in the General Plan and Zoning Code in 2011, and the 2011 mixed-use ordinance may result in further reductions that will be evaluated using the regional travel demand model during CAP development. See Attachment A for additional information. 4 The SLOCOG 2010 travel demand model used to estimate 2005 baseline and 2020 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) uses a 2010 base year and its VMT are calculated and calibrated to 2009-2011 traffic counts. As such, results for alternative transportation modes and transportation demand management are inherent to the model results. 5 Additional credits from future bicycle and pedestrian network improvements to be accounted for as part of CAP development process as this measure will rely on implementation assumptions that will need to be monitored to ensure effectiveness. ENERGY MEASURES During the last five years, approximately 834 kilowatts (kW) of solar photovoltaic systems and hot water heaters were installed on or in homes, businesses, and City property in Atascadero. These installations will reduce emissions by 215 MT CO2e in 2020. In addition, between 2005 and 2012, the City has implemented energy efficiency improvements, such as lighting retrofits, HVAC upgrades, and the installation of programmable thermostats and Page | 7 occupancy censors. These improvements reduce electricity use by approximately 239 kW in 2020 and approximately reduce emissions by 33 MT CO2e in 2020. TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USE MEASURES Transportation and land use measures, including density and diversity of land uses, bicycle network improvements, and recent transit improvements, are expected to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and enhance non-automobile mobility. Although density and diversity of land uses based on the existing General Plan and improvements to park and ride facilities prior to 2011 are already captured in the business-as-usual forecast of transportation-related emissions, recently implemented bicycle network and transit improvements are projected to reduce emissions by approximately 43 MT CO2e in 2020. In addition, the electric vehicle charging stations have been installed at one location within the City, and are planned to be installed at two additional locations. Several measures, as detailed in Attachment A, such as the high density residential areas up zoned in the General Plan and Zoning Code in 2011, the 2011 mixed-use ordinance, and implementation of the bicycle plan will result in further reductions; however, associated reductions either rely on implementation assumptions that need to be monitored to ensure effectiveness or will need to be evaluated using the regional travel demand model during CAP development. Therefore credit will be identified in the CAP. SOLID WASTE MEASURES As of 2010, the California Green Building Code requires all local jurisdictions to ensure that 50% of all non-hazardous construction and demolition solid waste is diverted from landfills. Within Atascadero, this would reduce emissions by an estimated 569 MT CO2e in 2020. The City of Atascadero also maintains a “green waste” recycling program with a locally contracted trash hauler; however, the data necessary to estimate the GHG emission reduction potential from this measure is not currently available. WATER MEASURES The City has implemented a number of measures to reduce water consumption, including a water efficient landscape and irrigation ordinance, toilet and washing machine rebate program, and landscape rebate program. In addition, the City has implemented several water conservation measures at City facilities. These improvements and programs have reduced emissions by approximately 19 MT CO2e. TREES AND OTHER VEGETATION Between 2006 and 2011, approximately 3,000 trees were planted throughout Atascadero, which are estimated to sequester 36 MT CO2e in 2020. ADJUSTED BUSINESS-AS-USUAL FORECAST AND REDUCTION TARGET As shown in Table 3, state and local measures will reduce GHG emissions in Atascadero by an estimated 32,485 MT CO2e by 2020 (19% below the 2020 business-as-usual forecast). Table 4 and Figure 1 demonstrate the gap that will need to be closed between the 2020 adjusted Page | 8 business-as-usual forecast and the State-recommended GHG reduction target of 15% below baseline emissions by 2020, which is equivalent to 19,790 MT CO2e. As shown in Table 4, the City would be responsible for reducing this gap of 19,790 MT CO2e by 2020 through measures identified in the Climate Action Plan. TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF REDUCTIONS FROM STATE AND LOCAL MEASURES AND 2020 GHG EMISSIONS GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) 2020 Business-as-Usual Forecast 172,488 2020 Reduction from State Measures -31,570 2020 Reduction from Local Measures -915 Total Reduction from State and Local Measures -32,485 2020 Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast 140,003 TABLE 4: ATASCADERO’S GHG EMISSIONS, TARGET, AND REDUCTION NECESSARY TO MEET TARGET GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) 2005 Baseline Emissions 141,428 2020 Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast 140,003 Target (15% below 2005 levels by 2020) 120,214 Remaining Gap Necessary to Meet 2020 Target 19,790 FIGURE 1: SUMMARY OF ATASCADERO’S GHG EMISSIONS AND REDUCTION TARGET 110,000 120,000 130,000 140,000 150,000 160,000 170,000 180,000 2005 2020 Business-as-Usual Forecast 2005 Baseline Adjusted Business-as- Usual Forecast State Recommended Reduction Target 19,790 MT CO2e Page | 9 FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES TO MEET TARGET Based on the review and analysis of local measures implemented to date, this section identifies current policy gaps and additional opportunities in the areas of energy, transportation and land use, water, waste, and trees and other vegetation to help Atascadero meet its reduction target by 2020. Please note that several of the measures that Atascadero is currently implementing or plans to implement through 2020, have not been quantified as part of this gap analysis and will be quantified as part of the CAP development process, as they rely on use of the regional travel model and/or implementation assumptions that will need to be identified in the CAP and monitored to ensure effectiveness. See Attachment A for additional information. ENERGY Energy emissions result from the combustion of fossil fuels, primarily coal, oil and natural gas, which are used to heat, cool and provide power to residential, commercial and industrial buildings and other facilities. Factors affecting energy related emission in buildings include building design and the efficiency of technology and electronics in buildings. Energy emissions reductions can be achieved by changes to both energy supplies and energy demand. Future opportunities to reduce energy emissions may include the following:  Expand participation in and promotion of existing programs, such as San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch and Energy Upgrade California, to increase community awareness of existing energy efficiency rebates, financial incentives, and financing strategies, and no- and low-cost actions community members can take to increase energy efficiency.  Collaborate with San Luis Obispo County Energy Watch, local utility providers, and local businesses and organizations to develop and promote a residential and commercial educational energy audit program with direct installation of no- and low-cost measures, leveraging existing rebates.  Require through a new City ordinance that cost-effective energy efficiency upgrades in existing buildings be implemented at point of sale or during major renovation of residential units.  Continue to facilitate energy efficient weatherization of low- and middle-income housing through promotion of existing programs, such as Community Action Partnership (CAPSLO).  Install additional solar or other renewable energy systems on municipal buildings.  Facilitate the voluntary installation of small solar photovoltaic systems and solar hot water heaters in the community through expanded promotion of existing financial incentives, rebates, and financing programs.  Continue to replace standard lights with LED or other energy efficient lights.  Require through a new City ordinance that new development utilize high efficiency lights in parking lots, streets, and other public areas.  Continue to improve the efficiency of municipal buildings, facilities, and lighting.  Continue to work with local green building organizations, such as SLO Green Build, to promote education and outreach programs. Page | 10 TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USE Transportation-related emissions comprise the largest portion of emissions. Factors affecting GHG emissions from transportation include the number vehicle miles traveled, fuel economy, and the type of fuel used. The number of vehicle miles traveled is also influenced by the geographic distribution of land uses, people, and the density of development and zoning. Future policy opportunities for transportation and land use include the following:  Continue to implement the 2010 Bicycle Transportation Plan and identify an implementation commitment through 2020.  Implement additional pedestrian network improvements and identify an implementation commitment through 2020.  Require through a new City ordinance that large employers (e.g., with more than 50 employees) develop a transportation demand management/commute trip reduction program that provides encouragement, incentives, and support for employees to reduce their single occupancy vehicle trips. Some examples of resources and incentives include telecommuting, alternative scheduling (e.g., 9/80 or 4/40 work schedules), rideshare matching, and walking, cycling and transit incentives.  Implement a transportation demand management/commute trip reduction program for City employees.  Continue to replace older municipal vehicles with zero or low emissions vehicles.  Establish maximum rather than minimum parking requirements.  Establish market-based pricing for public parking spaces, where appropriate, to generate revenue for other purposes.  Reduce GHG emissions from construction equipment by requiring the following measures as appropriate to the construction project: substitute electrical equipment for diesel- and gasoline-powered equipment; use alternatively fueled construction equipment on-site; avoid the use of on-site generators by connecting to grid electricity or utilizing solar-powered equipment; limit heavy-duty equipment idling time to a period of three minutes or less. SOLID WASTE As solid waste decomposes in landfills, it releases methane, a GHG 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. As such, waste management is an important action that can reduce GHG emissions. Waste management can be achieved by reducing the amount of trash and other waste that is sent to landfills by recycling containers, products, building materials, and construction materials. Future policy opportunities for solid waste include the following:  Institute or expand recycling and/or composting programs (e.g., food waste composting, expand materials that can be recycled, etc.).  Increase the city-wide solid waste diversion rate (e.g., work to achieve consistency with the State’s goal of 75% by 2020 identified in AB 341).  Mandate higher diversion rates for construction activities.  Provide recycling receptacles at all City facilities.  Require recycling at public events. Page | 11 WATER Water conveyance and treatment consumes electricity and natural gas. Reducing water demand can be an effective way to reduce emissions associated with water treatment and conveyance. Future policy opportunities for water include the following:  Require through a new City ordinance that new non-residential development provide water efficient landscape irrigation design that reduces the use of potable water consistent with the California Green Building Standards Code Tier 1 or Tier 2 standards.  Provide incentives (e.g., priority permitting, reduced permit fees, etc.) for new development and major remodels that reduce the overall use of potable water within the building by 30-35 percent.  Provide incentives (e.g., priority permitting, reduced permit fees, etc.) for new development that installs a graywater collection system for onsite subsurface irrigation. TREES AND OTHER VEGETATION Vegetation, such as trees sequester GHGs. Planting native, drought tolerant trees within the City can increase the sequestration potential of the urban forest, while supporting the water conservation measures listed above. Future policy opportunities for vegetation include the following:  Develop a program to facilitate voluntary tree planting within the community, working with local non-profit organizations and community partners.  Develop and adopt tree planting guidelines that address tree and site selection.  Plant additional trees on City property. REGIONAL Partnering with other neighboring jurisdictions within the County and community organizations is an important aspect of reducing GHG emissions, as it can increase the effectiveness of a measure and reduce costs by leveraging resources. Listed below are existing and potential regional programs, partnerships, and measures that may be expanded upon or implemented to reduce emissions.  Continue participation in Electric Vehicle Community Readiness planning and implementation.  Expand participation in and promotion of existing clean fuel programs in coordination with Central Coast Clean Cities Coalition (C5).  Coordinate with SLOCOG to implement the next Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy.  Support the Renewable Energy Secure Communities for San Luis Obispo County (SLO- RESCO) project, a regional partnership working to identify the best mix of resources for clean, secure and affordable energy. Page | 12  Work with other jurisdictions in the region to evaluate the feasibility of a regional Community Choice Aggregation program to procure electricity from renewable resources.5 5 Assembly Bill 117 (2002) enables California cities and counties, either individually or collectively, to supply electricity to customers within their jurisdiction by establishing a community choice aggregation (CCA) program. Unlike a municipal utility, a CCA does not own transmission and delivery systems, but is responsible for providing electricity to residents and businesses. The CCA may own electric generating facilities, but more often, it purchases electricity from private electricity generators. The primary benefits offered by a CCA are local control over the energy sources used within the community, the ability to provide electricity to customers at lower overall cost, and greater use of renewable energy. Through a CCA, a jurisdiction can choose to structure a supply portfolio that achieves cost efficiencies, fuel and technological diversity, environmental improvements, and/or cost stability. A CCA would facilitate implementation of a program to increase use of renewable energy resources and promote improved energy efficiency. Appendix A: City of Atascadero Measure Details Emissions Category Measure Title Detailed Description Actual Measure or Commitment Emissions Reduction in 2020 (MTCO2e) Measure Source GHG Calculation Methodology Source Incremental Reduction (%) - Including Range Activity Data Units Assumptions Data Sources Energy (Community) Solar Energy Installations (Commercial)  Since 2005, 183 kW of solar photovoltaic and hot water systems have been installed on commercial properties in Atascadero. Many of these installations utilized rebates offered through the California Solar Initiative (CSI), a solar rebate program for California consumers that are customers of the investor-owned utilities, such as PG&E. The CSI program is a key component of the Go Solar California campaign for California.  The City participates in the CaliforniaFIRST program, which provides financing for renewable energy and energy efficient building improvements (applies to commercial properties).  The City has PV System Expedited Permits and Reduced Fees. This policy and staff dedication ensures safe installation of PV systems while removing perceived road blocks associated with permitting process 183 kW of solar installed -47 California Solar Initiative CAPCOA AE-2 0%-100% 347,700 kWh Use 1,900 to convert CEC rating to kWh. Emissions factor of 0.133 metric tons CO2e/MWh (2020 PG&E emissions factor) Solar Capacity from CA Solar (CEC PTC Rating); Conversion factor from US DOE Energy (Community) Solar Energy Installations (Residential)  Since 2005, 642 kW of solar photovoltaic and hot water systems have been installed on residential properties in Atascadero. Many of these installations utilized rebates offered through the California Solar Initiative (CSI), a solar rebate program for California consumers that are customers of the investor-owned utilities, such as PG&E. The CSI program is a key component of the Go Solar California campaign for California.  The City participates in the CaliforniaFIRST program, which provides financing for renewable energy and energy efficient building improvements (applies to multi-family residential properties only).  The City has PV System Expedited Permits and Reduced Fees. This policy and staff dedication ensures safe installation of PV systems while removing perceived road blocks associated with permitting process.  The City collaborates with GRID Alternatives on outreach and eligibility to promote the Single-family Affordable Solar Homes (SASH) Program (24 in process of completion). 584 kW of solar installed; 58 kW from SASH = 642 kW total -166 California Solar Initiative CAPCOA AE-2 0%-100% 1,219,800 kWh Use 1,900 to convert CEC rating to kWh; average solar PV system installed under SASH program assumed to be 2.4 kW. Emissions factor of 0.133 metric tons CO2e/MWh (2020 PG&E emissions factor). Solar Capacity from CA Solar (CEC PTC Rating); Conversion factor from US DOE. California Solar Initiative. 2.4 kW is the average size of solar PV systems installed in San Luis Obispo region through SASH. Energy (Community) Energy Efficiency and Conservation Education and Outreach  Since 2009, the City has participated in a joint partnership of PG&E, SoCal Gas, Economic Vitality Corporation, SLO County and participating municipalities. Partnership has provided extensive training, outreach, and energy-saving opportunities for the City as well as for local businesses and property owners.  Since 2005, the City has worked with SLO Green Build to host community workshops and seminars for homeowners, builders, and the general public. Workshops have included: grey water systems, sustainable landscaping, photovoltaic systems and alternative energy To be accounted for as part of CAP with continued implementation and monitoring procedures to support potential reductions. Emissions Category Measure Title Detailed Description Actual Measure or Commitment Emissions Reduction in 2020 (MTCO2e) Measure Source GHG Calculation Methodology Source Incremental Reduction (%) - Including Range Activity Data Units Assumptions Data Sources production, and green building technologies. City staff meets quarterly with SLO Green Build to discuss how City can encourage sustainable design. A SLO Green Build public information kiosk is located at the City Hall front counter. Energy (Municipal) Solar Energy Installations (Municipal)  Municipal solar installation 9 kW of solar installed -2 California Solar Initiative CAPCOA AE-2 0%-100% 17,651 kWh Use 1,900 to convert CEC rating to kWh. Emissions factor of 0.133 metric tons CO2e/Mwh (2020 PG&E emissions factor). Solar Capacity from CA Solar (CEC PTC Rating); Conversion factor from US DOE Energy (Municipal) Municipal Energy Efficient Lighting Retrofits - Facilities Energy Retrofit (Phase 1)  Nine City facilities received light retrofit projects. 37,000 kWh hours per year -5 Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo CAPCOA LE-1 16%-40% 37,000 kWh Emissions factor of 0.133 metric tons CO2e/Mwh (2020 PG&E emissions factor). Energy (Municipal) Municipal Building Energy Efficiency Improvements  An Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant funded $152,644 in energy efficiency retro-fit projects, including upgrades at Fire Station 1 and 2, Police Station, Pavilion, Police Station, Wastewater Treatment Plant and Public Works Corp Yard, 17 High SEER replacement HVAC units, 17 programmable thermostats, 564 florescent tube lamps 28watt, 19 Low watt T8 ballasts, 18 LED parking lot lights Retrofit kits, 28 Induction wall packs 40watt An estimated 81,000 kwh of annual savings -11 Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo CAPCOA BE, LE Varies 81,000 kWh Emissions factor of 0.133 metric tons CO2e/Mwh (2020 PG&E emissions factor). Energy (Municipal) Municipal Building Energy Efficiency Improvements - Staples Direct Install program energy upgrades  Staples Direct Install program for Municipal Facilities; energy savings opportunity made available through the Energy Watch Partnership  77 separate projects completed at five (5) facilities  Upgrades such as occupancy sensors, new light fixtures and light bulb replacements completed at the current City Hall building, Pavilion, Public Works Yard, Wastewater Treatment Plant and Indoor Skate Park An estimated annual energy savings of 51,200 kWh -7 Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo CAPCOA LE-1 16%-40% 51,200 kWh Emissions factor of 0.133 metric tons CO2e/Mwh (2020 PG&E emissions factor). Energy (Municipal) Municipal Building Energy Efficiency Improvements - Building Operator Certification Course  Two City employees completed Building Operator Certification Course. Staff was trained to evaluate and improve operational efficiencies in municipal facilities and cut down on energy usage (lighting, thermostats & more) Operator awareness alone has cut energy use at the Community Center by 20% -5 Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo Varies 38,256 kWh Emissions factor of 0.133 metric tons CO2e/Mwh (2020 PG&E emissions factor). Energy (Municipal) Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrades  Continual redesign and improvement of sewer system to reduce energy requirements by taking advantage of gravity flow; two lift stations have been eliminated & a third is slated for elimination  Inefficient pumps & aerators replaced with more efficient models; those not being replaced are being re-wound with more efficient wiring 285,280 kWh -5 PG&E Municipal Electricity Data 285,280 kWh Emissions factor of 0.133 metric tons CO2e/Mwh (2020 PG&E emissions factor). PG&E Municipal Electricity Data Energy (Municipal) Municipal Building Energy Efficiency Improvements – City Hall Retrofits  Energy efficiency upgrades to historic City Hall building, including new high efficiency HVAC units with individual temp controls for every room, energy efficient light fixtures with occupancy sensors, energy efficient appliances in break rooms, low flush water closets and urinals, added insulation on the 4th floor. Unknown commitment Can be quantified during the CAP development process with additional data (estimated reduction in kWh and therms) Emissions Category Measure Title Detailed Description Actual Measure or Commitment Emissions Reduction in 2020 (MTCO2e) Measure Source GHG Calculation Methodology Source Incremental Reduction (%) - Including Range Activity Data Units Assumptions Data Sources Transportation and Land Use Increase Diversity and Density of Land Use - Smart Growth The City’s General Plan (2002) is based on the Smart Growth Principles of encouraging infill and reuse of existing land and infrastructure: Encourage mixed-use infill development & revitalization of the Downtown Core Not quantified – already captured in the SLOCOG travel demand model forecasting process. General Plan CAPCOA LUT-1 Already captured in the SLOCOG travel demand model forecasting process. The SLOCOG 2010 travel demand model used to estimate 2005 baseline and 2020 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is based on year 2009-2011 traffic counts and adopted City land use as of 2010. Therefore, this measure is already captured in the SLOCOG travel demand model forecasting process. Transportation and Land Use Increase Diversity and Density of Land Use -Residential multifamily zoning High Density Residential areas up zoned in the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance to allow a minimum 20 units per acre in order to increase density in the urban core (implemented in 2011) Unknown at this time Not quantified -This action will be evaluated using the regional travel demand model during CAP development. General Plan and Zoning Ordinance The SLOCOG 2010 travel demand model used to estimate 2005 baseline and 2020 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is based on year 2009-2011 traffic counts. As such, results for transit and transportation demand management are inherent to the model results. In addition, year 2020 VMT estimates included SLOCOG travel demand forecast model “4-Ds” adjustments for the built environment (land use Density, Design, Diversity, and access to Destinations). Thus, applying additional reductions off-model would double count reductions. Emissions Category Measure Title Detailed Description Actual Measure or Commitment Emissions Reduction in 2020 (MTCO2e) Measure Source GHG Calculation Methodology Source Incremental Reduction (%) - Including Range Activity Data Units Assumptions Data Sources Transportation and Land Use Increase Diversity and Density of Land Use -Mixed Use and infill development Ordinance for mixed use – promotes mixed use development, streamlined permitting process Grouped with smart growth development Not quantified - Already captured in the SLOCOG travel demand forecasting process. Mixed use ordinance Already captured in the SLOCOG travel demand model forecasting process. The SLOCOG 2010 travel demand model used to estimate 2005 baseline and 2020 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is based on year 2009-2011 traffic counts. As such, results for transit and transportation demand management are inherent to the model results. In addition, year 2020 VMT estimates included SLOCOG travel demand forecast model “4-Ds” adjustments for the built environment (land use Density, Design, Diversity, and access to Destinations). Thus, applying additional reductions off-model would double count reductions. Transportation and Land Use Transit Improvements - Improved transit service, frequency, connectivity, and bike improvements. City expanded public transportation system to include hourly transportation along major shopping, education, health service and housing corridors. Buses equipped with bicycle racks and connect to regional and national bus service and rail for expanded multi-modal opportunities Transit beyond what is included in the regional travel demand model forecast -26 Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo, 2011 CAPCOA TST-3 0.1%-8.2% 70,671 VMT Assumes a 5% increase in transit service, suburban setting CAPCOA TST-3 Transportation and Land Use Park and Ride Facilities Public Park & Ride lots located off HWY 101 at Santa Barbara Road & San Luis Ave. Bike lockers installed at both Park & Ride lots. Worked with Topaz Solar Farm to establish Park & Ride lot to facilitate bus transportation to Carrizo Plain during project construction 12 park and ride stalls at Santa Barbara and 48 at Santa Lucia Not quantified - already captured in the SLOCOG travel demand forecasting process. Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo, 2009 CAPCOA RPT-4 0.5% VMT reduction 874 VMT Already captured in the SLOCOG travel demand forecasting process. The SLOCOG 2010 travel demand model used to estimate 2005 baseline and 2020 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) uses a 2010 base year and its VMT are calculated and calibrated to 2009-2011 traffic counts. As such, results for alternative transportation modes and transportation demand management are inherent to the model results. Transportation and Land Use Bicycle Network Improvements - new lanes New bike lanes constructed on El Camino Real, Lewis Ave Bridge, Traffic Way, San Andres Road, Santa Rosa Road. 2.4 miles -17 Bicycle Master Plan CAPCOA SDT-5 1% increase in share of workers commuting by bike for each additional mile of bike lane per square mile 45,267 VMT Assumes 1% bike mode share. Average reduction in trip length is 20 miles (round trip). Assumed average of 260 working days per year. CAPCOA SDT-5 Emissions Category Measure Title Detailed Description Actual Measure or Commitment Emissions Reduction in 2020 (MTCO2e) Measure Source GHG Calculation Methodology Source Incremental Reduction (%) - Including Range Activity Data Units Assumptions Data Sources Transportation and Land Use Bicycle Network Improvements - Bike racks, restrooms and shower facilities, changing facilities Bike rack installation required with all new retail & public projects. Bike racks installed at all existing parks, City facilities and schools. Contributes to overall bicycle network improvement reductions. Grouped measure. Not quantified - grouped measure Bicycle Master Plan CAPCOA SDT-6 and SDT-7 N/A Contributes to overall bicycle network improvement reductions. Grouped measure. Transportation and Land Use Pedestrian Network - Downtown Streetscape Improvements Downtown Streetscape Projects - Pedestrian and operational improvements including bulb outs, landscaped medians, street furniture, and lighting for the Downtown. Unknown commitment CAPCOA SDT-1 0%-2% Can be quantified as part of CAP process with additional data (miles of improvements are approximated). Transportation and Land Use Bicycle Network Improvements - Education and outreach Partnership with SLO Bicycle Coalition to sponsor events to increase awareness & ridership during Bike Month each May. As a result of engaged staff and Council members, participation increased from 30 to over 300 riders in 2012, with more events planned Not quantified - support measure Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo These events efforts are supportive of overall GHG reduction efforts. These will be mentioned in the CAP but are not directly quantifiable. Transportation and Land Use Electric Vehicle Network Electric Vehicle chargers currently installed at Rabobank, soon to be installed at Walgreens and Albertsons. Partnership established in 2012 with APCD to obtain grant funding to install more charging systems in the City; City staff involvement in program to make California Plug-in Electric Vehicle ready. Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo To be accounted for as part of CAP as this measure will rely on implementation assumptions that will need to be monitored to ensure effectiveness. Transportation (Municipal) Vehicle Idling Policy Public Works adopted a policy to reduce vehicle idling and the associated emissions. The Police Department has also given directions to staff to minimize idling of vehicles when possible. Unknown commitment Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo CAPCOA VT-1 Not quantifiable due to lack of data; however, for municipal vehicles alone, this is likely negligible in terms of GHG emissions. Waste (Community) Green Waste Diversion The City has a “green waste” recycling program with local contracted trash hauler. City collaboration on programs with Atascadero Waste Alternatives. Unknown commitment Not quantified CAPCOA SW-1 BMP Not quantifiable due to lack of data. May be accounted for in CAP if additional data is provided. Waste (Community) Construction and Demolition Debris Diversion As of 2010, the California Green Building Standards Code (CalGreen) requires that 50% of non-hazardous construction and demolition debris be recycled or reused. 50% diversion of construction and demolition debris -569 California Green Building Standards Code CAPCOA p. 43; SW-2 Varies According to the California 2008 Statewide Waste Characterization Study, construction and demolition debris makes up 29% of the waste stream and 40% of that is non-hazardous and recyclable. California 2008 Statewide Waste Characterization Study Emissions Category Measure Title Detailed Description Actual Measure or Commitment Emissions Reduction in 2020 (MTCO2e) Measure Source GHG Calculation Methodology Source Incremental Reduction (%) - Including Range Activity Data Units Assumptions Data Sources Trees and Other Vegetation Native Tree Ordinance, Tree Planting, and Streetscape Improvements  The 2012 CIP calls for the planting of 3,000 native oak tree seedlings throughout Atascadero on sites determined by the Native Tree Atlas.  The Native Tree Ordinance is a key tool for tree preservation and regeneration of new trees. Native trees are required to be protected whenever feasible, and permits must be obtained for native trees removal.  Tree and habitat survey completed with GIS and work with biologist to study Atascadero’s oak forest and success of the tree replanting sites. The 2012 CIP calls for the planting of 3,000 additional native oak tree seedlings throughout Atascadero on sites determined by the Native Tree Atlas. -36 Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo CAPCOA V-1 Varies 3,000 Net New Trees Assumes annual CO2 reduction rate per tree to be 0.0121 (most conservative rate provided in CAPCOA) CAPCOA V-1. Please note there is no reduction associated with open space or tree preservation or mitigation. This measure can only account for net new trees planted or net new vegetated acreage created (so there is an overall net increase in carbon sequestration). Survey and study support implementation of tree planting, but do not directly result in the planting of trees or a reduction in GHG emissions. Water Water Conservation Programs Implementation of programs identified to reduce water consumption. According to data provided by the Atascadero Mutual Water District, this will result in 110,100,000 gallons of water savings by 2020. 110,100,000 gallons of water savings -19 Atascadero Mutual Water District CAPCOA WSW-2 Varies 110,100,000 Gallons Assumes 1,300 kWh/million gallons electricity required to supply, treat, and distribute water. Assumes 0.133 MT CO2e/MWh electricity. California Energy Commission Refining Estimates of Water-Related Energy Use in California (December 2006)  Future Opportunities: Emissions Category Measure Title Detailed Description Actual Measure or Commitment Emissions Reduction in 2020 (MTCO2e) Measure Source GHG Calculation Methodology Source Incremental Reduction (%) - Including Range Activity Data Units Assumptions Data Sources Energy Historic City Hall Restoration The historic restoration of this 1914 City landmark includes major upgrades for energy efficiency which will result in huge savings in ongoing operating costs: New high efficiency HVAC units with individual temp controls for every room Energy efficient light fixtures with occupancy sensors Energy efficient appliances in break rooms Low flush water closets and urinals Added insulation on the 4th floor Unknown commitment by 2020 - may be quantified during the toolbox process Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo Transportation and Land Use South El Camino Real Corridor Visioning Study City is working with SLOCOG to develop a plan that will envision how to integrate housing, economic development, jobs and transportation in an effort to comply with future Regional Transportation Plans. This is a pilot project that will be used to illustrate how cities and unincorporated communities can integrate a mix of land uses and densities, alternative forms of transportation and complete streets. Unknown commitment by 2020 - may be quantified during the toolbox process Not quantified South El Camino Real Corridor Visioning Study Creating a complete street concept for El Camino Real that includes integration of bicycles, transit and automobiles. Transportation and Land Use Bike infrastructure The City proposed 34 miles of Class I-III bike lanes as part of the Bicycle Master Plan in the short-term, and another 19-23 miles in the long term. Unknown commitment by 2020 - may be quantified during the toolbox process Not quantified From Atascadero Bike Plan CAPCOA SDT-5 1% increase in share of workers commuting by bike for each additional mile of bike lane per square mile 320,640 VMT Assumes 1% bike mode share Accounts for short term only, as implementation would need to occur by 2020. Transportation and Land Use North County Regional Trail System Working with SLOCOG on the “North County Regional De Anza Trail Master Plan,” to create a safe and fully integrated off‐highway, multiuse trail system for recreationalists and commuters that connect all communities in North County. Unknown commitment by 2020 - may be quantified during the toolbox process Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero memo  Supporting Measures: Emissions Category Measure Title Detailed Description Actual Measure or Commitment Emissions Reduction in 2020 (MTCO2e) Measure Source GHG Calculation Methodology Source Incremental Reduction (%) - Including Range Activity Data Units Assumptions Data Sources Energy (Municipal) PG&E Climate Smart Offset Program Energy use at City facilities was carbon neutral (program ended in December 31, 2011). Climate Smart program designed to make people aware of the challenges posed by climate change while also helping establish the infrastructure for a low carbon economy in California Program discontinued by PG&E Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero Energy (Municipal) Energy Conservation Policy The City Manager outlined Citywide Energy Conservation Measures, which was issued in September 2008 in order to cut City budget and operation costs. It is the City’s policy to always purchase energy efficient equipment and appliances. (10% reduction in combined usage of all City buildings shown between 2009 and 2011, with many facilities showing an energy reduction of 20% or more based on City operations and facility upgrades in just the past few years) For the purposes of the climate action plan, we will need to determine how this compares to 2005 baseline energy usage from the GHG inventory Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero Energy (Municipal) Energy Tracking The City benchmarks energy performance and water usage of Municipal Facilities to manage overall energy use and identify opportunities for energy savings. Monthly usage date within individual buildings & across entire building portfolio is automatically measured and tracked through Portfolio Manager Unknown commitment through 2020 - To be accounted for in climate action plan Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero Waste Reduction Citywide clean-up days Established program with local trash hauler to provide a location for two annual “Citywide clean-up days” for residents to recycle a variety of household waste at no cost Unknown commitment Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero Trees, Parks, and Open Space Landscape Ordinance Landscape minimums in multifamily & commercial zones & parking lots – increase green area, shade trees minimum spacing, min landscape percentages with all new developments. New landscape standards applies to all new development or major renovations permitted since 2005 Unknown commitment -Would need total number of net new trees excluding those planted as mitigation (those planted since 2005 to present and projected number to be planted through Not quantified Urban water management plan 2020) Trees and Other Vegetation Atascadero Native Tree Association (ANTA) Community-wide educational and awareness programs on importance of care and renewal of native forest, including celebrating Festival of Oaks each November and continually planting new trees Unknown commitment - Would need total number of net new trees excluding those planted as mitigation (those planted since 2005 to present and projected number to be planted through 2020) Not quantified Sustainability Activities in Atascadero Would need total number of net new trees excluding those planted as mitigation Transportation (Municipal) Vehicle Fleet Public Works has installed diesel emissions particulate filters on heavy duty diesel engines and permanently retired two old diesel vehicles, and the Fire Department tests all engines and command vehicles for emissions; two new engines exceed the 2007 EPA specs for trucks and heavy equipment Unknown commitment Does not reduce GHG emissions, only particulates Sustainability Activities in Atascadero   Attachment 6: Updated GHG Inventory See Attached CITY OF ATASCADERO Community-Wide and Government Operations 2005 Baseline Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Update Prepared for: SAN LUIS OBISPO AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT ON BEHALF OF THE CITY OF ATASCADERO Prepared by: 1530 MONTEREY STREET, SUITE D SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA 93401 UPDATED NOVEMBER 2012 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Credits and Acknowledgements Report prepared by PMC in April 2010 and updated by Rincon Consultants, Inc. in November 2012 for the San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District on behalf of the City of Atascadero. 2012 GHG EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE PROJECT TEAM Richard Daulton, Principal, Rincon Consultants Joe Power, Principal, Rincon Consultants Shauna Callery, Project Manager, Rincon Consultants Rob Fitzroy, Assistant Project Manager, Rincon Consultants Chris Bersbach, Assistant Project Manager, Rincon Consultants Christina McAdams, Associate, Rincon Consultants WITH ASSISTANCE FROM: Air Pollution Control District Larry Allen, Air Pollution Control Officer Aeron Arlin Genet, Planning & Outreach Manager Melissa Guise, Air Quality Specialist Dean Carlson, Air Quality Engineer City of Atascadero Warren Frace, Director, Community Development Callie Taylor, Associate Planner Geoff English, Deputy Director, Public Works Rachelle Rickard, Administrative Services Director Justin Black, Chief Plant Operator, Public Works Lori Brickley, Finance Amanda Muether, Dispatch County of San Luis Obispo Janice Campbell, Agriculture Department Atascadero Waste Alternatives Mike LaBarbara, Municipal Marketing Pacific Waste Services, Inc. Jim Wyse, President PG&E Jillian Rich, Program Manager Southern California Gas Company Paulo Morais, Energy Programs Supervisor ICLEI Jonathan Strunin, Program Officer Allison Culpen, Program Associate IWMA Peter Cron, Analyst 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page i Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Purpose of a GHG Inventory ..................................................................................... 8 1.2 Legislative Background ............................................................................................10 1.3 Planning Process .....................................................................................................12 1.4 Local Sustainability and Climate Change Mitigation Activities ..................................13 1.5 Inventory Update .....................................................................................................15 2. Community and Government Operations Inventory Methodology ........................................16 2.1 Baseline and Forecast Years ...................................................................................16 2.2 The Two Inventories: Community-wide and City Government Operations ...............17 2.3 Data Collection and Methodology ............................................................................18 2.4 Data Sources ...........................................................................................................20 2.5 Data Limitations .......................................................................................................21 3. Community GHG Inventory Results .....................................................................................25 3.1 Community-Wide Emissions by Scope ....................................................................25 3.2 All Scope Emissions by Sector ................................................................................27 3.3 Transportation .........................................................................................................29 3.4 Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment ...........................................................................30 3.5 The Built Environment (Residential, Commercial, Industrial) ....................................32 3.6 Solid Waste .............................................................................................................34 3.7 Wastewater..............................................................................................................35 3.7 Community Emissions by Source ............................................................................36 3.8 Per Capita Emissions ..............................................................................................37 4. City Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory Results .........................................38 4.1 City Government Operations Inventory Results .......................................................38 4.2 Building Sector ........................................................................................................39 4.3 Vehicle and Transit Fleet .........................................................................................40 4.4 Employee Commute ................................................................................................41 4.5 Streetlights and Traffic Signals ................................................................................43 4.6 Water and wastewater .............................................................................................43 4.7 Solid Waste .............................................................................................................45 4.8 City Emissions by Source ........................................................................................45 5. Forecast ..............................................................................................................................48 6. Conclusion and Next Steps .................................................................................................50 2005 BASELINE GREENH OUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page ii City of Atascadero List of Figures Figure ES-1: Community GHG Emissions by Sector,2005 ......................................................... 3 Figure ES-2: City Government Portion of Community-Wide GHG Emissions ............................. 4 Figure ES-3: City Government GHG Emissions by Secto, 2005 ................................................. 4 Figure ES-4: 2020 and 2025 Business-as-usual GHG Emissions Forecast ................................ 6 Figure ES-5: Business-as-usual Forecast in Relation to State-Recommended Target ............... 7 Figure 1-1: The Greenhouse Effect ............................................................................................ 8 Figure 1-2: California Climate Change Emissions and Targets ................................................11 Figure 1-3: Planning Process ....................................................................................................13 Figure 2-1: Relationship Between Community-wide and City Government Inventories..............18 Figure 2-2: GHG Emissions Scopes ..........................................................................................19 Figure 3-1: Community GHG Emissions by Scope, 2005 ..........................................................26 Figure 3-2: Community GHG Emissions by Sector, 2005 ..........................................................28 Figure 3-3: Community GHG Emissions by Fuel Source ...........................................................29 Figure 3-4: Off-Road GHG Emissions by Equipment Type ........................................................31 Figure 3-5: Off-Road GHG Emissions by Fuel Type ..................................................................31 Figure 3-6: Built Environment GHG Emissions by Sector ..........................................................32 Figure 3-7: Built Environment GHG Emissions by Source .........................................................32 Figure 3-8: Residential GHG Emissions by Source ...................................................................33 Figure 3-9: Commerical/industrial GHG Emissions by Source ...................................................33 Figure 3-10: Waste GHG Emissions by Type ............................................................................35 Figure 3-11: Community GHG Emissions by Source, 2005 .......................................................36 Figure 4-1: City Government Contribution to Community-Wide GHG Emissions .......................38 Figure 4-2: City Government GHG Emissions by Sector, 2005 ................................................38 Figure 4-3: Building GHG Emissions by Source ........................................................................39 Figure 4-4: Vehicle Fleet Fuel Consumption per Year by Type .................................................41 Figure 4-5: GHG Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plant ................................................44 Figure 4-6: City Government GHG Emissions by Source, 2005 ................................................47 Figure 4-7: City Government GHG Emissions by Sector with Wastewater Treatment Plant Removed ..................................................................................................................................47 Figure 5-1: 2020 and 2025 Projected Growth in Community-wide GHG Emissions ...................48 Figure 6-1: GHG Forecast in Relation to Reduction Targets .....................................................51 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page iii List of Tables Table ES-1: Community GHG Emissions by Sector, 2005 ......................................................... 3 Table ES-2: City Government Operations GHG Emissions by Sector, 2005 ............................. 5 Table 2-1: Data Sources for Community Analysis, 2005 ...........................................................20 Table 2-2: Data Sources for City Government Operations Analysis, 2005 .................................21 Table 3-1: Community GHG Emissions Sources by Scope and Sector, 2005 ...........................26 Table 3-2: Community GHG Emissions per Sector per Scope, 2005 .........................................27 Table 3-3: Community GHG Emissions by Sector, 2005 ..........................................................28 Table 3-4: Transportation GHG Emissions by Fuel Source .......................................................29 Table 3-5: County-wide Equipment Type Indicators ..................................................................30 Table 3-6: Off-Road GHG Emissions by Equipment Type .........................................................31 Table 3-7: Off-Road GHG Emissions by Fuel Type ...................................................................32 Table 3-8: Residential GHG Emissions by Source ....................................................................33 Table 3-9: Commercial/Industrial GHG Emissions Sources.......................................................34 Table 3-10: Waste GHG Emissions by Waste Type ..................................................................35 Table 3-11: Community GHG Emissions by Source ..................................................................37 Table 4-1: City Government Operations GHG Emissions by Sector, 2005 ...............................39 Table 4-2: Building Sector GHG Emissions by Source, 2005 ....................................................40 Table 4-3: Days of City Employee Travel by Commute Mode ...................................................42 Table 4-4: Employee Commute VMT by Vehicle and Fuel Type ...............................................43 Table 4-5: City Government Operations GHG Emissions by Source ........................................46 2005 BASELINE GREENH OUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page iv City of Atascadero Appendices Appendix A: CACP2009 Detailed Report for Community-Wide Emissions, 2005 Appendix B: CACP2009 Detailed Report for City Government Operations Emissions, 2005 Appendix C: Detailed Methodology for Community-Wide Inventory Appendix D: Detailed Methodology for City Government Operations Inventory Appendix E: City Employee Commute Survey, 2009 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 1 Executive Summary A greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory identifies the major sources and quantities of GHG emissions produced by community activities and City government facilities and operations within a jurisdiction‟s boundaries for a given year. Estimating GHG emissions enables local governments to establish an emissions baseline, track emissions trends, identify the greatest sources of GHG emissions within their jurisdiction, set targets for future reductions, and create an informed mitigation strategy based on this information. This Inventory includes a 2005 baseline inventory of GHG emissions from community activities and City government facilities and operations within the city1, and a 2020 and 2025 business-as-usual forecast of how emissions in Atascadero would change if no further actions are implemented to reduce those emissions. It is important to note that the City government operations inventory is a subset of the community inventory, meaning that the city government‟s emissions are included within the community inventory. The community inventory is divided into six sectors, or sources of emissions: transportation, residential energy use, commercial and industrial energy use, solid waste, off-road vehicles and equipment, and wastewater. The City government inventory provides a more detailed analysis of emissions resulting from City-owned or -operated buildings, fleet vehicles, and lighting; water and sewage transport; City-generated solid waste; and employee commute travel. INVENTORY UPDATE PURPOSE In 2010, PMC prepared an inventory of Atascadero‟s 2005 community-wide and City government emissions. Changes to GHG accounting protocols have prompted an update to the 1 In this report, the term “city” refers to the area inside the jurisdictional boundary of the City of Atascadero, whereas “City government” refers to those activities which are under the operational control of City agencies. What are Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGs)? Gases that trap heat in the Earth‟s atmosphere are called greenhouse gases, or GHGs. GHGs include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. While many of these gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, modern human activity has led to a steep increase in the amount of GHGs released into the atmosphere over the last 100 years. Collectively, these gases intensify the natural greenhouse effect, thus causing global average surface temperatures to rise, which in turn affects global climate patterns. GHGs are often quantified in terms of CO2 equivalent, or CO2e, a unit of measurement that equalizes the potency of GHGs. Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 2 City of Atascadero emissions inventory and in 2012 Rincon Consultants conducted a peer-review and update to the Inventory. This Inventory is the updated assessment of GHG emissions in Atascadero. Rincon updated the Inventory methodology, emissions coefficients, and data for consistency with current protocols, including the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) version 1.1 (May 2010), for the city government inventory, and the Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP) California Community-wide GHG Baseline Inventory Protocol (AEP Protocol) (June 2011) and ICLEI International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP) (October 2009), for the community-wide inventory. Rincon also updated the Inventory to include all emissions sectors within the discretionary action authority of the City. The primary additions and revisions to the updated Inventory include the following:  Calculation of emissions from additional off-road vehicle and equipment categories (lawn and garden equipment, construction equipment, industrial equipment, and light commercial equipment) for the community-wide inventory.  Incorporation of improved emissions factors from the LGOP version 1.1.  Incorporation of a refined methodology for on-road transportation emissions. The 2012 methodology estimates vehicle miles traveled (VMT) based on an origin-destination approach using the regional travel demand model and excludes vehicle trips that pass through the city. Transportation-related GHG emissions were then calculated using the California Air Resources Board Emissions Factor 2011 (EMFAC2011) software.  Corrections to baseline electricity and natural gas consumption data, and waste stream profile data.  Inclusion of updated population and employment projections using the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments‟ (SLOCOG) 2040 Population, Housing & Employment Forecast (August 2011).2 As a result of this Inventory update, Atascadero‟s community-wide 2005 baseline emissions decreased by 34,806 metric tons CO2e and 2020 forecast decreased by 55,159 metric tons CO2e compared to the April 2010 inventory. 2 SLOCOG‟s 2040 Population, Housing & Employment Forecast includes population, housing, and employment projections developed based on an analysis of historic growth and economic trends. See San Luis Obispo County 2040 Population, Housing & Employment Forecast (August 2011) for details. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 3 COMMUNITY-WIDE GHG INVENTORY RESULTS The community of Atascadero emitted approximately 141,428 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions in the baseline year 2005. As shown in Figure ES-1 and Table ES-1, the transportation sector was by far the largest contributor to emissions (42.5%), producing approximately 60,041 metric tons of CO2e in 2005. Transportation sector emissions are the result of diesel and gasoline fuel used in vehicles traveling on local roads and state highways within the jurisdictional boundaries of Atascadero. Emissions from electricity and natural gas consumed in the residential sector were the next largest contributor (28.8%), producing approximately 40,690 metric tons of CO2e. Electricity and natural gas consumed in the commercial and industrial sector accounted for a combined 14.3% of the total. Emissions from solid waste comprised 6.4% of the total, emissions from off-road vehicles and equipment comprised 6.1% of the total, and emissions from wastewater facilities comprised 1.9% of the total. TABLE ES-1: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, 2005 2005 Community Emissions by Sector Residential Commercial/ Industrial Transportation Off- Road Waste Waste water TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 40,690 20,271 60,041 8,686 9,083 2,657 141,428 Percentage of Total CO2e 28.8% 14.3% 42.5% 6.1% 6.4% 1.9% 100.0% FIGURE ES-1: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, 2005 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 4 City of Atascadero CITY GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS GHG INVENTORY RESULTS City government operations and facilities produced approximately 4,130 metric tons of CO2e in 2005. As displayed in Table ES-2 and Figure ES-2, this represents approximately 2.9% of total community-wide emissions in the city. City government emissions result from waste, energy consumption from water and wastewater facilities, buildings, streetlights and other facilities, fuel consumption by the vehicle and transit fleet and employee commutes, and miscellaneous equipment. The largest contributor to the City‟s emissions (70.8%) was from the wastewater facilities producing 2,923 metric tons of CO2e. The vehicle fleet was the second largest contributor to the City‟s emissions (9.7%), producing 402 metric tons of CO2e (refer to Figure ES-3 and Table ES-2). City government operations emissions are a subset of the total community-wide emissions as outlined above. However, similar to the way in which businesses and factories perform their own facility-scale GHG Inventories, this Inventory analyzes City emissions separately to identify opportunities for cost-savings and emissions-reductions in the future. The methodology for estimating emissions from local government operations is guided specifically by the LGOP version 1.1 developed by the California Air Resources Board, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, and the California Climate Registry. FIGURE ES-3: CITY GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, 2005 FIGURE ES-2: CITY GOVERNMENT PORTION OF COMMUNITY-WIDE GHG EMISSIONS 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 5 TABLE ES-2: CITY GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, 2005 2005 Emissions by Sector Buildings & Facilities Vehicle Fleet Transit Fleet Employee Commute Street Lights & Traffic Signals Water Delivery Waste- water Facilities Solid Waste TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 316 402 214 185 40 1 2,923 49 4,130 Percentage of CO2e 7.6% 9.7% 5.2% 4.5% 1.0% <0.0% 70.8% 1.2% 100.0% DATA LIMITATIONS This Inventory captures the major sources of GHGs caused by activities within the city per standard practice. However, it is important to note that some likely emission sources were not included in the Inventory, either because of privacy laws, lack of data, or a lack of reasonable methodology for calculating emissions. It is estimated that the sources not included in the inventory comprise less than 5.0% of total emissions in the city. It is likely that as GHG inventories become more common, methodology and accessibility to data will improve. The sources that could not be included due to privacy laws, lack of data availability, and/or a reasonable methodology include the following:  Refrigerants from City government operations, facilities, and vehicles, and the community-at-large  Freight and passenger trains;  Propane, wind or solar energy consumed by the community-at-large; and  Residential septic tanks systems. These limitations are explained further in this document. BUSINESS-AS-USUAL FORECAST The GHG emissions forecast provides a “business-as-usual estimate,” or scenario, of how emissions will change in the year 2020 and 2025 if consumption trends and behavior continue as they did in 2005, absent any new federal, state, regional, or local policies or actions that would reduce emissions. The year 2020 was selected for the forecast in order to maintain consistency with AB 32. As shown in Figure ES-4 and Figure ES-5, if consumption trends continue the pattern observed in 2005 emissions (i.e., under business-as-usual conditions) will 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 6 City of Atascadero reach 172,488 metric tons of CO2e by 2020, or a 22.0% increase over 2005 baseline levels (projections based on population and employment growth). By 2025 emissions will reach 185,402 metric tons of CO2e, or a 31.1% increase over 2005 baseline levels. FIGURE ES-4: 2020 AND 2025 CITY OF ATASCADERO BUSINESS-AS-USUAL GHG EMISSIONS FORECAST With this information, the City can make an informed determination regarding a reduction target. Conformance with the State of California‟s recommended reduction of 15% below present levels by 2020 would require a 30.3% reduction below the City‟s business-as-usual emissions (refer to Figure ES-5).3 3 AB 32 Scoping Plan, page 27 states that the California Air Resources Board encourages local governments to “move toward establishing similar goals for community emissions that parallel the State commitment to reduce GHG emissions by approximately 15 percent from current levels by 2020.” http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 7 FIGURE ES-5: BUSINESS-AS-USUAL FORECAST IN RELATION TO STATE-RECOMMENDED REDUCTION TARGET Business-as- usual forecast 172,488 metric tons CO2e by 2020; 185,402 metric tons CO2e by 2025 2005 baseline levels = 141,428 metric tons CO2e 15% below 2005 baseline levels = 120,214 metric tons CO2e by 2020 Actual Reduction = 52,274 metric tons CO2e (30.3%) by 2020 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 8 City of Atascadero 1. Introduction This section introduces the Inventory, defines key terms used throughout the Inventory, and provides an overview of climate change science and regulation in California. 1.1 PURPOSE OF A GHG INVENTORY This Inventory represents completion of the first step in the City‟s climate protection process. Quantifying recent-year emissions is essential to establish: (1) a baseline against which to measure future emission levels, and (2) an understanding of where the highest percentages of emissions are coming from, and, therefore, the greatest opportunities for emissions reductions. This Inventory presents estimates of GHG emissions in 2005 resulting from the community as a whole. Climate Change Background Scientific consensus holds that the world‟s population is releasing GHGs faster than the earth‟s natural systems can absorb them. These gases are released as byproducts of fossil fuel combustion, waste disposal, energy use, land-use changes, and other human activities. This release of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), creates a blanket around the earth that allows light to pass through but traps heat at the surface preventing its escape into space (Figure 1- 1). Known as the greenhouse effect, models show that this phenomenon could lead to a 2oF to 10oF temperature increase over the next 100 years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.4 Although used interchangeably, there is a difference between the terms “climate change” and “global warming.” According to the State, climate change refers to “any long-term change in 4 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I. 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policy Makers. FIGURE 1-1: THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT Source: Tufts University 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 9 average climate conditions in a place or region, whether due to natural causes or as a result of human activities.5 The use of the term “climate change” is becoming more prevalent because it encompasses all changes to the climate, not just temperature. Additionally, the term “climate change” conveys temporality, implying that climate change can be slowed with the efforts of local, regional, state, national, and world entities. Changes in the earth‟s temperature will have impacts for residents and businesses in the City of Atascadero. Some of the major impacts to the Central Coast expected to occur include the following, separated by sector.6 7  Coastline: The San Luis Obispo County coastline could face inundation as a result of sea level rise and global warming. As temperatures rise, the ocean waters rise as well due to thermal expansion and the melting of glaciers and snowpack. The state‟s 2009 Climate Change Impacts Assessment (the 2009 Scenarios Project) estimates that sea levels will rise by 12 to 18 inches by 2050 and 21 to 55 inches by 2100. This level of sea rise has the potential to negatively affect groundwater salination as well as the size and attractiveness of local beaches, which could affect property values and the tourism industry in the county;  Reduced Water Supply: The 2009 Scenarios Project estimates a decrease in precipitation of 12 to 35% by 2050. In addition, more precipitation will fall as rain rather than snow, which will cause snow to melt earlier in the year and not in the warmer, drier months when water is in higher demand;  Agriculture: Climate change could cause a shift in the type and location of agriculture in the area. As saltwater intrudes into coastal aquifers and groundwater resources decrease, it is possible that some crops will be forced out of the area, which affects the local economy and food supply. Water supplies to agriculture may be 20 to 23% below demand targets between 2020 and 2050;  Public Health: Climate change could potentially threaten the health of residents of Atascadero. Heat waves may have a major impact on public health, as will decreasing 5 California Natural Resources Agency. 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy Discussion Draft. August 2009. 6 California Climate Change Center. Our Changing Climate: Assessing the Risks to California (2006), www.climatechange.ca.gov 7 Governor‟s Office of Planning and Research. Proposed CEQA Guideline Amendments for Greenhouse Gas Emissions. April 2009. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 10 City of Atascadero air quality and an increase in mosquito breeding and mosquito-borne diseases. There is also expected to be an increase in allergenic plant pollen and an increase in the frequency of wildfires. Although climate change is a global issue, local governments can make a positive impact through cumulative local action. Cities and counties have the ability to reduce GHG emissions through effective land use and transportation planning, wise waste management, and the efficient use of energy. The City can achieve multiple benefits including lower energy bills, improved air quality, economic development, reduced emissions, and better quality of life through:  Energy efficiency in City facilities and vehicle fleet;  Sustainable purchasing and waste reduction efforts;  Land use and transportation planning; and  Efficient management of water resources. This Inventory serves as a baseline measurement for implementing and tracking the effectiveness of these efforts. 1.2 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND California continues to be a leader in addressing climate change in the United States and in the world. In June of 2005, Governor Schwarzenegger issued a landmark Executive Order establishing progressive GHG emissions targets for the entire state. Executive Order (EO) S-3- 05 makes the following goals:  By 2010, reduce GHG emissions to 2000 levels;  By 2020, reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels;  By 2050, reduce GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels. To support these reduction targets, the California legislature adopted Assembly Bill (AB) 32 (the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006). The law requires the California Air Resources Board to develop regulatory and market mechanisms that will reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 as shown in Figure 1-2 below. To achieve this goal, the California Air Resources Board developed a set of early action measures in 2007 for priority implementation in 2010. These early action measures became part of the AB 32 implementation plan, or Scoping Plan, 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 11 approved in December 2008. The Scoping Plan identifies a variety of GHG reduction activities including direct regulations, monetary and non-monetary incentives, voluntary actions, market- based mechanisms such as a cap-and-trade, and an implementation fee regulation to fund the program. The Scoping Plan also identifies local governments as “essential partners” and calls for cities and counties to adopt GHG reduction targets consistent with AB 32. FIGURE 1-2: CALIFORNIA CLIMATE CHANGE EMISSIONS AND TARGETS In support of the AB 32 reduction targets, California adopted Senate Bill (SB) 97 in August 2007, which formally acknowledges that climate change is an important environmental issue that requires analysis under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). In response to SB 97, the Governor‟s Office of Planning and Research submitted their proposed amendments to the CEQA Guidelines for GHG emissions in April 2009. The amendments provide guidance to public agencies regarding the analysis of mitigation and the effects of GHG emissions in CEQA CAT Report Emissions 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 1990 2000 2010 2020 2050 YearMillion Metric Tons (CO2 Equivalent)1990 Emission Baseline 80% Reduction ~341 MMTCO2E ~174 MMTCO2E Reduction 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 12 City of Atascadero documents. The Natural Resources Agency certified and adopted the amendments in December 2009.8 At the same time, the State is working to form regional approaches to reducing GHG emissions in response to the passage of SB 375. SB 375 aims to reduce GHG emissions by linking transportation funding to land use planning. It also requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations, including the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments, to include a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) in their Regional Transportation Plans (RTPs) for reducing VMT. The bill also creates incentives for implementation of SCSs and sustainable transportation plans. Additional efforts are underway for the overall transportation sector by mandating fewer emissions from vehicles, including Assembly Bill 1493, signed into law in 2002, which will require carmakers to reduce emissions from new passenger cars and light trucks beginning in 2009. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved the new emissions standards in June 2009. The State is also preparing for climate change resiliency in order to adapt to the inevitable effects of climate change. In November 2008, Governor Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order S-13-08 which asked the Natural Resources Agency to identify how state agencies can respond to rising temperature, changing precipitation patterns, sea level rise, and extreme natural events. The order requires the Natural Resources Agency to develop a Climate Adaptation Strategy to analyze climate change impacts to the state and recommend strategies to manage those threats. The Natural Resources Agency released the Climate Adaptation Strategy in 2009. 1.3 PLANNING PROCESS The California Air Resources Board (ARB) provides a framework for local communities to identify and reduce GHG emissions, organized along six steps as represented in Figure 1-3 below. 9 8 Governor‟s Office of Planning and Research. Proposed CEQA Guideline Amendments for Greenhouse Gas Emissions. April 2009. 9 California Air Resources Board. Local Government Toolkit, http://www.coolcalifornia.org/local- government 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 13 FIGURE 1-3: PLANNING PROCESS This report represents the completion of the first step, and provides a foundation for future work to reduce GHG emissions in the City of Atascadero. 1.4 LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Many of the air pollution programs already in place throughout San Luis Obispo County reduce ozone forming pollutants and toxic emissions, but they also have ancillary benefits and reduce GHG emissions. The County, cities, and the Air Pollution Control District (APCD) implement rules and regulations, clean fuels programs, CEQA mitigation measures, grants, the Transportation Choices Program, pollution prevention activities, energy efficiency and conservation measures, water conservation programs, partnerships, and general public outreach that directly or indirectly address climate change and reduce GHG emissions. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 14 City of Atascadero The APCD Board approved the first report or plan to address climate change in the county. The plan, (Options for Addressing Climate Change in San Luis Obispo County (2005)) identifies the following seven actions that could be implemented to specifically address GHGs at the local level: 1) Prepare a countywide inventory of GHG emissions; 2) Target a percentage of mitigation grant funds for GHG emission reductions; 3) Evaluate and quantify the GHG reduction benefits from existing district programs; 4) Develop public education and outreach campaigns on climate change; 5) Encourage and provide support for local governments to join the Cities for Climate Protection program; 6) Develop partnership with Cal Poly for addressing climate change; and 7) Join the California Climate Registry and encourage local industry participation. As of November 2008, the APCD has initiated, promoted, or supported all of the implementation actions to address climate change and reduction of GHG emissions in the county. The APCD joined the California Climate Registry and conducted its GHG emissions inventory in the fall of 2008. The APCD facilitates regular meetings of Climate Change Stakeholders, a local group of city and county representatives that shares resources to address climate change. To encourage and support local GHG emissions inventories, the APCD is providing technical assistance to all of the incorporated cities to assist or perform GHG government operations and community-wide emissions inventories, similar to this Inventory, for all of the incorporated cities in San Luis Obispo County. The APCD also coordinates the Central Coast Clean Cities Coalition (C5). C5 is a partnership of public/private entities whose goal is to promote the use of alternative fuels vehicles (AFV) on the Central Coast. By working with area fleet operators, C5 sponsors training seminars, public events, and grant funding workshops related to use of alternative fuels. The City of Atascadero has been pursuing energy efficiencies through measures such as:  Construction of new and improvement of existing bike lanes and sidewalks through the Safe Routes to School Program to encourage walking and biking to schools (ongoing);  The construction of bicycle lanes, sidewalks, and multi-use trails throughout the City 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 15  Adoption of Native Tree Ordinance (1998);  Native tree reforestation projects at various sites throughout the City;  Partnership with SLO Green Build to promote energy efficiency in new development;  Joined PG&E‟s Climate Smart Program to purchase carbon credits to offset emissions from City Hall;  Replacement of high pressure sodium light bulbs with energy efficient light emitting diodes (LED) bulbs in street and traffic lights;  Development of a solar financing district through AB 811 to encourage the installation of solar panels and reduce dependence on traditional energy sources (ongoing); and  Development of a Water Conservation Landscape Ordinance (2009). 1.5 INVENTORY UPDATE In 2010, PMC prepared an inventory of Atascadero‟s 2005 community-wide and City government emissions. Changes to GHG accounting protocols have prompted an update to the emissions inventory and in 2012 Rincon Consultants conducted a peer-review and update to the Inventory. This Inventory is the updated assessment of GHG emissions in Atascadero. Rincon updated the Inventory methodology, emissions coefficients, and data for consistency with current protocols, including the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) version 1.1 (May 2010), for the city government inventory, and the Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP) California Community-wide GHG Baseline Inventory Protocol (AEP Protocol) (June 2011) and ICLEI International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP) (October 2009), for the community-wide inventory. Rincon also updated the Inventory to include all emissions sectors within the discretionary action authority of the City. The primary additions and revisions to the updated Inventory include the following:  Calculation of emissions from additional off-road vehicle and equipment categories (lawn and garden equipment, construction equipment, industrial equipment, and light commercial equipment) for the community-wide inventory.  Incorporation of improved emissions factors from the LGOP version 1.1.  Incorporation of a refined methodology for on-road transportation emissions. The 2012 methodology estimates VMT based on an origin-destination approach using the regional 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 16 City of Atascadero travel demand model and excludes vehicle trips that pass through the city. Transportation-related GHG emissions were then calculated using the California Air Resources Board Emissions Factor 2011 (EMFAC2011) software.  Corrections to baseline electricity and natural gas consumption data, and waste stream profile data.  Inclusion of updated population and employment projections using the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments‟ (SLOCOG) 2040 Population, Housing & Employment Forecast (August 2011). As a result of the Inventory update, Atascadero‟s community-wide 2005 baseline emissions decreased by 34,806 metric tons CO2e and 2020 forecast decreased by 55,159 metric tons CO2e compared to the April 2010 inventory. This decrease was a result of the refined methodology for calculating on-road VMT and transportation emissions. 2. Community and Government Operations Inventory Methodology The first step toward reducing GHG emissions is to identify baseline levels and sources of emissions in the city. This information can later inform the selection of a reduction target and possible reduction measures to be included in a climate action plan. This section outlines the methodology used to calculate the community and City government operations10 inventories, including the difference between the two inventories, and the data collection process, data sources, GHG emission scopes, data limitations, and means of calculation. 2.1 BASELINE AND FORECAST YEARS The year 2005 was selected as the baseline year for the Inventory due to the availability of reliable data and consistency with other cities in San Luis Obispo County. The State of California uses 1990 as a reference year to remain consistent with the Kyoto Protocol, and also because it has well-kept records of transportation trends and energy consumption in that year. However, cities and counties throughout California typically elect to use 2005 or 2006 as a 10 In this report, the term “city” refers to the incorporated area (the jurisdictional boundary of the City of Atascadero), whereas “City” refers to those activities that are under the operational control of City agencies. “Community-wide” or “community” refers to all activities within the city (as defined above), including those from businesses, industrial processes, residents, vehicles, and City government operations. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 17 baseline year because of the more reliable recordkeeping from those years and because of the large amount of growth that has occurred since 1990. This Inventory uses a forecast year of 2020 to be consistent with the State of California GHG Inventory11 forecast year and AB 32 target, both of which reference 2020. In addition, it is likely that any forecast considerably beyond 2020 would have a significant margin of error because of unknown population growth rates and new technology. The business-as-usual forecast has also been extended to 2025 in consideration of the City‟s General Plan Horizon. 2.2 THE TWO INVENTORIES: COMMUNITY-WIDE AND CITY GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS This Inventory is separated into two sections, community-wide and City government operations. It is important to note that the City government operations inventory is a subset of the community inventory, meaning that all City government operations are included in the commercial/industrial, transportation, waste, or “other” categories of the community-wide inventory. The City‟s government operations inventory should not be added to the community analysis; rather it should be looked at as a slice of the complete picture as illustrated in Figure 2-1. Although City operations are a small contributor to the community‟s overall emissions levels, an inventory allows the City to track its individual facilities and vehicles and to evaluate the effectiveness of its emissions reduction efforts at a more detailed level. 11 California Greenhouse Gas Inventory, http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/inventory.htm 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 18 City of Atascadero FIGURE 2-1: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNITY-WIDE AND CITY GOVERNMENT INVENTORIES Once completed, these inventories provide the basis for policy development, the quantification of emissions reductions associated with proposed measures, the creation of an emissions forecast, and the establishment of an informed emissions reduction target. 2.3 DATA COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY Creating the community and City government operations emissions inventories required the collection of information from a variety of sources. Sources for community data included the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), the Southern California Gas Company, Caltrans, the California Air Resources Board, Cal-Recycle, and the County of San Luis Obispo. City government operations data sources included PG&E, the Southern California Gas Company, Atascadero Waste Alternatives, and documentation from multiple City departments including Planning, Public Works, Finance, Police, Fire, and more. Data from the year 2005 were used in both inventories, with the following exceptions:  A subset of waste data by type was not available for 2005, therefore this study utilizes a California statewide waste characterization study conducted in 2003-2004;  City employee commuting trips were calculated using an employee survey conducted in 2009; and 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 19  Propane, wind and solar power used in both the community-wide and City government inventories. For community activities and City operations, emissions sources are categorized by scope. Scopes help us identify where emissions originate from and what entity retains regulatory control and the ability to implement efficiency measures. The scopes are illustrated in Figure 2- 2 and defined as follows:  Scope 1. Direct emissions sources located within the community, mostly from the combustion of fuels. Examples of Scope 1 sources include use of fuels such as gasoline and natural gas.  Scope 2. Indirect emissions that result because of activities within the community, limited to electricity, district heating, steam and cooling consumption. An example of a Scope 2 source is purchased electricity used within the community. These emissions should be included in the community-wide analysis, as they are the result of the community's electricity consumption.  Scope 3. All other indirect emissions that occur as a result of activity within the community. Examples of Scope 3 emissions include methane emissions from solid waste generated within the community which decomposes at landfills either inside or outside of the community. FIGURE 2-2: GHG EMISSIONS SCOPES Source: NZBCSD (2002), The Challenge of GHG Emissions: the “why” and “how” of accounting and reporting for GHG emissions: An Industry Guide, New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development, Auckland. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 20 City of Atascadero Appendices A and B of this report separate the community and City government operations emissions by scope. Each sector is labeled with a 1, 2, or 3 that corresponds to the scopes above. 2.4 DATA SOURCES The data used to complete this Inventory came from multiple sources, as summarized in Tables 2-1 and 2-2. Utility providers supplied electricity and natural gas consumption data associated with commercial, industrial, residential, and City government buildings in 2005. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) was provided by Fehr and Peers and calculated using SLOCOG‟s Regional Travel Demand model. These data sources are further explained in the sector-specific discussions of this document. TABLE 2-1: DATA SOURCES FOR COMMUNITY ANALYSIS, 2005 Sector Information Unit of Measurement Data Source Residential Electricity consumption kWh PG&E Natural gas consumption Therms Southern California Gas Company Commercial/Industrial Electricity consumption kWh PG&E Natural gas consumption Therms Southern California Gas Company Transportation VMT excluding pass through trips Average Weekday Daily VMT Fehr & Peers Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Emissions from off-road equipment Tons/year of N2O, CO2, and CH4 California Air Resources Board OFFROAD2007 model Solid Waste Solid waste tonnage sent to landfill from activities in City of Atascadero Short tons San Luis Obispo Integrated Waste Management Board Wastewater Treatment Methane and nitrous oxide released in the wastewater treatment process Tonnes Public Works Department Data Records 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 21 TABLE 2-2: DATA SOURCES FOR CITY GOVERNMENT ANALYSIS, 2005 Sector Information Unit of Measurement Data Source Buildings & Facilities Electricity consumption kWh PG&E Natural gas consumption Therms Southern California Gas Company Vehicle Fleet Diesel consumption and corresponding vehicle type Gallons Billing Records Gasoline consumption and corresponding vehicle type Gallons Billing Records Employee Commute Sample of employee commuting patterns Annual VMT Commuter Survey (June 2009) Streetlights Electricity consumption kWh PG&E Water/Sewage Electricity consumption kWh PG&E Methane and nitrous oxide released in the wastewater treatment process Tonnes Public Works Department Data Records Waste Annual waste tonnage sent to landfill Short Tons Atascadero Waste Alternatives 2.5 DATA LIMITATIONS It is important to note that calculating community-wide GHG emissions with precision is a complicated task. The ICLEI Clean Air and Climate Protection (CACP2009) software relies on numerous assumptions and is limited by the quantity and quality of available data. Because of these limitations it is useful to think of any specific number generated by the model as an approximation of reality, rather than an exact value. The city‟s actual 2005 GHG emissions are likely to be slightly greater than what are reported in this document due to three main factors: (1) data limitations, (2) privacy laws, and (3) a lack of a reasonable methodology to collect or model emissions data. The following paragraphs highlight emissions that cannot be included in a GHG Inventory under current science and policy direction, or due to lack of reliable data. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 22 City of Atascadero Data Limitations Lack of available data prevented the calculation of emissions from community-wide freight and passenger trains, off-road vehicles and equipment, propane use, and City government operations refrigerants. For rail and port, as well as equipment emissions, the California Air Resources Board OFFROAD 2007 software provides emissions data; however, these numbers are aggregated for the entire San Luis Obispo County area, including incorporated, unincorporated, and state or federally owned land. Lack of data availability also prevents the calculation of emissions from propane (liquefied petroleum gas, or LPG) created within the city‟s boundaries. Propane is basically an unregulated fuel in California (except for storage and safety issues which are regulated). Because it is an unregulated commodity, no data is collected by the state on propane sales or usage. Another sector that was excluded from the inventory is City government operations refrigerants. The City of Atascadero made a best effort to gather data on the amount of refrigerants consumed by fleet vehicles, HVAC systems, and City government operations facilities; however City records were not suited to this purpose. It is recommended that the City look into amending its record keeping so that the amount of refrigerants purchased and consumed within a year is recorded. Privacy Laws This Inventory does not separately analyze site-level emissions from specific sources such as refineries or large industrial emitters. The emissions from industrial energy consumption and related transportation are included under the commercial/industrial category, but will not be analyzed independently as part of this Inventory for two reasons: 1) State privacy laws prevent us from obtaining site-level energy consumption data from utility providers. Notably the California Public Utilities Commission 15/15 rule12 prevents us from analyzing industrial emissions separately from commercial emissions. 2) It is the responsibility of the emitter, whether it is a large refinery or household, to perform its own energy audit and subsequent reduction process. Efforts to require site- level energy audits and GHG emissions reporting are being continually expanded and 12 Commercial and Industrial Electricity and Natural Gas were combined into one section due to the California 15/15 rule. The 15/15 rule was adopted by the California Public Utilities Commission in the Direct Access Proceeding (CPUC Decision 97-10-031) to protect customer confidentiality. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 23 required by the California Climate Action Registry, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and California Air Resources Board. Lack of a Reasonable Methodology There is a lack of reasonable methodology for estimating life cycle emissions for the community and, therefore, emissions associated with the production and disposal of items consumed by a community are not included in the Inventory. For instance, a life cycle assessment would estimate the emissions associated with the planning, production, delivery, and disposal of each car currently in the city. In contrast, this analysis only captures how much that car drives within the city. Despite these limitations, the CACP2009 software13 and ICLEI methodology provide the best- available snapshot of the city‟s GHG emissions. Additionally, the CACP2009 tool is utilized to promote consistency among municipalities throughout the country and the world. Sector-specific data limitations or methodological issues are explained thoroughly in Appendices C and D. However, it is important to note that the emissions identified in this report are primarily GHGs that the community has directly caused and has the ability to reduce through implementation of conservation actions, a Climate Action Plan, or corresponding efforts. 2.6 CLEAN AIR AND CLIMATE PROTECTION SOFTWARE 2009 The City government operations and community-wide inventories use the CACP2009 software package developed by ICLEI in partnership with the National Association of Clean Air Agencies (NACAA) and Torrie Smith Associates. This software calculates emissions resulting from energy consumption, vehicle miles traveled, and waste generation. The CACP2009 software calculates emissions using specific factors (or coefficients) according to the type of fuel used. CACP2009 aggregates and reports the three main GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) and converts them to equivalent carbon dioxide units, or CO2e. Equalizing the three main GHG emissions as CO2e allows for the consideration of different GHGs in comparable terms. For example, methane (CH4) is 21 times more powerful than carbon dioxide on a per weight basis in 13 The CACP2009 software 2009 was developed by the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and the Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (SAPPA/ALAPCO), the International Council for Local Environmental Issues (ICLEI), and Torrie Smith Associates. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 24 City of Atascadero its capacity to trap heat, so the CACP2009 software converts one metric ton of methane emissions to 21 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents.14 The emissions coefficients and quantification method employed by the CACP2009 software are consistent with national and international inventory standards established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines for the Preparation of National Inventories) and the U.S. Voluntary GHG Reporting Guidelines (EIA form1605). 14 The potency of a given gas in heating the atmosphere is defined as its Global Warming Potential, or GWP. For more information on GWP see: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I, Chapter 2, Section 2.10. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 25 3. Community GHG Inventory Results The City of Atascadero contains primarily residential and commercial land uses. In the 2005 baseline year, there were approximately 25,940 people, 8,550 jobs, and 10,505 households in the city.15 The following section provides an overview of the emissions caused by activities within the jurisdictional boundary of the city and analyzes the emissions in terms of scope, sector, source, and population. 3.1 COMMUNITY-WIDE EMISSIONS BY SCOPE Although there are countless items that can be included in a community-wide emissions inventory, as discussed in Chapter 2, this Inventory includes Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 sources from the following sectors, consistent with the ICLEI protocol:  Residential  Commercial / Industrial  Transportation  Waste  Wastewater  Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Emissions. Table 3-1 summarizes the scopes of each sector in this analysis. 15 Baseline population, household, and job data for the year 2005 was obtained from SLOCOG‟s Long Range Socio-Economic Projections (Year 2030), prepared by Economics Research Associates (July 2006 Revision). What are Scopes? The key principles to remember are that Scope 1 emissions are caused by activities within the city and emitted within the city (fuel combustion), while Scope 2 emissions are caused by activities within the city, but most likely are emitted outside of the city (electricity). Scope 3 emissions are indirect emissions, such as waste decomposition. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 26 City of Atascadero TABLE 3-1: COMMUNITY-WIDE GHG EMISSIONS SOURCES BY SCOPE AND SECTOR Sector Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Residential Natural Gas Electricity --- Commercial/Industrial Natural Gas Electricity --- Transportation Gasoline & Diesel --- --- Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Gasoline, Diesel & Compressed Natural Gas Waste --- --- Methane from Decomposition Wastewater Methane from Water Treatment Processes Including all sectors and scopes, the community emitted approximately 141,428 metric tons of CO2e in 2005. As shown in Figure 3-1 and Table 3-2, the majority of community GHG emissions were Scope 1 (73.0%), with Scope 2 (20.6%) and Scope 3 (6.4%) constituting the remainder. The largest portion of Scope 1 emissions came from the transportation sector (refer to Table 3-2 and Figure 3-1). These emissions qualify as Scope 1 because they involve the direct combustion of fuel within the jurisdictional boundary of the city. The second largest source of Scope 1 emissions was residential natural gas use. Residential uses also generated the largest percentage of Scope 2 emissions. Emissions from waste operations account for the whole of Scope 3 emissions. FIGURE 3-1: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY SCOPE, 2005 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 27 TABLE 3-2: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR AND SCOPE, 2005 (METRIC TONS OF CO2E) Sector Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Total Residential 24,778 15,912 --- 40,690 Commercial/Industrial 7,030 13,241 --- 20,271 Transportation 60,041 --- --- 60,041 Off-Road 8,686 --- --- 8,686 Waste --- --- 9,083 9,083 Wastewater 2,657 --- 2,657 TOTAL 103,192 29,153 9,083 141,428 Percentage of Total CO2e 73.0% 20.6% 6.4% 100.0% 3.2 ALL SCOPE EMISSIONS BY SECTOR As noted above, the community emitted approximately 141,428 metric tons of CO2e in calendar year 2005. In addition to analyzing the data by scope, it can also be aggregated by sector. As depicted in Figure 3-2 and Table 3-3 below, the transportation sector was the largest emitter (42.5%) in 2005. Emissions from the residential sector were the next largest contributor (28.8%), while the commercial and industrial sectors accounted for a combined 14.3% of the total. Emissions from solid waste comprised 6.4% of the total, emissions from off-road vehicles and equipment comprised 6.1% of the total and emissions from wastewater facilities comprised 1.9% of the total. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 28 City of Atascadero FIGURE 3-2: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, 2005 TABLE 3-3: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, 2005 2005 Community Emissions by Sector Residential Commercial/ Industrial Transportation Off- Road Waste Waste water TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 40,690 20,271 60,041 8,686 9,083 2,657 141,428 Percentage of Total CO2e 28.8% 14.3% 42.5% 6.1% 6.4% 1.9% 100.0% 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 29 3.3 TRANSPORTATION Transportation accounted for 42.5% of the City‟s emissions in 2005. Emissions from traffic resulted in 60,041 metric tons of CO2e. Of the total emissions in the transportation sector, an estimated 93.2% was due to gasoline consumption, with the remaining 6.8% coming from diesel use (see Figure 3-3 and Table 3-4). TABLE 3-4: TRANSPORTATION GHG EMISSIONS BY FUEL SOURCE Transportation Fuel Emissions Sources 2005 Gasoline Diesel TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 55,970 4,071 60,041 Percentage of Total CO2e 93.2% 6.8% 100% Using origin-destination analysis and the SLOCOG Regional Travel Demand Model, three types of vehicle trips were tracked in the city: 1. Internal-Internal: Vehicle trips that remained inside the city 2. Internal-External and External-Internal: Vehicle trips that have an ending or a beginning in the city 3. External-External: Vehicle trips that pass through the city without originating or ending in the city Fehr & Peers calculated VMT for each of the three types of vehicle trips using the recommendation of the Regional Target Advisory Committee (RTAC), the body responsible for Senate Bill 375 target setting. VMT from trips of type 1, 2, and 3 (see above) were counted FIGURE 3-3: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY FUEL SOURCE 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 30 City of Atascadero 100%, 50%, and 0% respectively toward jurisdiction-generated VMT.16 The VMT results are summarized in Appendix A and C. Annual VMT was then analyzed to determine GHG emissions from vehicle travel using the EMFAC2011 software developed by the California Air Resources Board. EMFAC2011 uses emissions rates for different types of vehicles in conjunction with travel activity statistics to calculate vehicle based emissions in metric tons per day. For a detailed description of the methodology used to estimate transportation-related emissions, please see Appendix C. Emissions that resulted from the air and rail travel of city residents were not included in the transportation sector analysis. As science and data collection methodology develop it is likely that the GHG emissions from air, rail and boat travel could be estimated as a Scope 3 items. Please see Appendix C for more detail on methods and emissions factors used in calculating emissions from the transportation sector. 3.4 OFF-ROAD VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT Gasoline, diesel, and compressed natural gas fuel are used to power off-road equipment in the City of Atascadero. Off-road equipment incorporated in this inventory includes agriculture, lawn and garden, construction and mining, light commercial equipment, and industrial equipment. Off-road vehicles and equipment accounted for 6.1% of the City‟s emissions in 2005. The California Air Resources Board‟s OFFROAD 2007 software provides emissions data for off-road equipment by county. The countywide data was attributed to city based on the indicators presented in Table 3-5. TABLE 3-5: COUNTY-WIDE EQUIPMENT TYPE INDICATORS Equipment Type Allocation Indicator Agricultural Equipment Acres of cropland Construction and Mining Equipment Construction and mining jobs Industrial Equipment Industrial jobs Lawn and Garden Equipment Households Light Commercial Equipment Service and commercial jobs 16 Since external-external VMT is the result of vehicle trips that pass through the city without originating or ending in the city, they are excluded from the inventory as the City is unable to directly impact these VMT. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 31 Approximately 80.0% of off-road equipment emissions in 2005 came from construction and mining equipment, while 8.7% were the result of light and commercial equipment. The remaining off-road equipment activities included in this Inventory include lawn and garden equipment, agricultural equipment, and industrial equipment, making up the remaining 11.3% of emissions collectively (see Table 3-6 and Figure 3-4). Total emissions from off-road equipment for 2005 are estimated to be approximately 8,686 MT CO2e. Of the total emissions in the off- road sector, an estimated 84.1% was due to diesel consumption, with the remaining 15.9% coming from gasoline and compressed natural gas use (see Table 3-7 and Figure 3-5). TABLE 3-6: OFF-ROAD GHG EMISSIONS BY EQUIPMENT TYPE Equipment Type Emissions Sources 2005 Agricultural Equipment Construction Equipment Industrial Equipment Lawn and Garden Equipment Light and Commercial Equipment TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 148 6,950 108 722 758 8,686 Percentage of Total CO2e 1.7% 80.0% 1.3% 8.3% 8.7% 100% FIGURE 3-4: OFF-ROAD GHG EMISSIONS BY EQUIPMENT TYPE FIGURE 3-5: OFF-ROAD GHG EMISSIONS BY FUEL TYPE 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 32 City of Atascadero TABLE 3-7: OFF-ROAD GHG EMISSIONS BY FUEL TYPE Off-Road Fuel Emissions Sources 2005 Gasoline Diesel Compressed Natural Gas TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 1,095 7,303 288 8,686 Percentage of Total CO2e 12.6% 84.1% 3.3% 100% 3.5 THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT (RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL) With all scopes aggregated, 43.1% of total community-wide emissions in the year 2005 came from the “built environment.” The built environment is comprised of the residential, commercial, and industrial natural gas and electricity consumption. This analysis does not include emissions from other types of energy such as propane, solar, and wind due to lack of reliable sales, construction, or consumption data. The commercial and industrial sectors are combined in this Inventory due to the mandatory aggregating of commercial and industrial data by PG&E previously referenced. In 2005, emissions from the built environment were split roughly 66.7-33.3% between the residential sector and the commercial/industrial sector (see Figure 3-6). All of the emissions calculated from the built environment were the result of local natural gas consumption (Scope 1) and local consumption of electricity generated outside of the city (Scope 2). Overall, natural gas consumption (52.2%) was slightly higher than electricity consumption (47.8%) as the cause of emissions from the built environment in 2005 as shown in Figure 3-7. FIGURE 3-6: BUILT ENVIRONMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR FIGURE 3-7: BUILT ENVIRONMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 33 Approximately 60.9% of emissions in the residential sector resulted from combustion of natural gas for heating and cooking (see Figure 3-8 and Table 3-8), while 34.7% of emissions in the commercial/industrial sector came from natural gas usage (see Figure 3-9 and Table 3-9). TABLE 3-8: RESIDENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE Residential Emission Sources 2005 Electricity Natural Gas TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 15,912 24,778 40,690 Percentage of Total CO2e 39.1% 60.9% 100% Energy Use (MMBtu) 242,839 465,783 708,622 FIGURE 3-8: RESIDENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE FIGURE 3-9: COMMERICAL/INDUSTRIAL GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 34 City of Atascadero TABLE 3-9: COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL GHG EMISSIONS SOURCES Commercial / Industrial Emission Sources 2005 Electricity Natural Gas TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 13,241 7,030 20,271 Percentage of Total CO2e 65.3% 34.7% 100% Energy Use (MMBtu) 202,065 132,159 334,224 3.6 SOLID WASTE Solid waste disposed of at managed landfills was responsible for 6.4% of total emissions for the community. The CACP2009 software calculates methane generation from waste sent to landfill in 2005, and accounts for the reported methane recovery factors among the two utilized landfills (Cold Canyon and Chicago Grade), which have a 60% weighted average. The Chicago Grade Landfill accepted approximately 99% of the community‟s solid waste, while less than 1% went to Cold Canyon. The methane recovery factors of the landfills are well documented by the San Luis Obispo County APCD based on the system operations at that time. For more information, please see detailed methodology in Appendix C. Waste emissions are considered Scope 3 emissions because they are not generated in the base year, but will result from the decomposition of waste generated in 2005 over the full 100- year+ cycle of its decomposition. In 2005, the community sent approximately 31,122.52 tons of waste to landfill. The 2004 California Statewide Waste Characterization Study provides standard waste composition for the State of California. Identifying the different types of waste in the general mix is necessary because during decomposition various materials generate methane within the anaerobic environment of landfills at differing rates. Carbonaceous materials such as paper and wood would actually sequester the methane released in managed landfills, thereby offsetting some or all of the emissions from food and plant waste. However, GHG sequestration at the landfills has been set to zero, based on guidance in the LGOP version 1.1, which recommends eliminating the effect of landfill sequestration for both government operations inventories and community inventories, to be consistent with the principle that local government operations and community inventories should not account for emissions sinks. Figure 3-10 and Table 3-10 show the estimated percentage of emissions coming from the various types of organic, methanogenic waste. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 35 FIGURE 3-10: WASTE GHG EMISSIONS BY TYPE TABLE 3-10: WASTE GHG EMISSIONS BY TYPE Waste Emissions Sources 2005 Paper Products Food Waste Plant Debris Wood / Textiles All Other Waste TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 5,071 1,989 533 1,490 0 9,083 Percentage of Total CO2e 55.8% 21.9% 5.9% 16.4% 0.0% 100% 3.7 WASTEWATER The wastewater treatment plant consists of four aerated lagoons and provides a cost effective way to treat water. However, aside from the aeration of these lagoons, the City does not use additional processes to treat the influent. As organic matter is broken down through the process of lagoons, methane is released into the atmosphere. Methane emissions released during wastewater treatment processes were responsible for 1.9% of total emissions for the community. Natural gas and electricity emissions associated with wastewater treatment facilities operations are accounted for within the commercial/industrial sector. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 36 City of Atascadero 3.7 COMMUNITY EMISSIONS BY SOURCE In addition to viewing emissions by sector and by scope, policy and programs development can benefit from an analysis of emissions according to their raw fuel or waste source. Figure 3-11 and Table 3-11 below demonstrates that 40.3% of all community emissions come from the consumption of gasoline on local roads and highways. Natural gas (22.7%) and electricity (20.6%) consumption are the next most significant figures, with the remainder coming from diesel, methane from wastewater treatment processes, and various waste products. FIGURE 3-11: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE, 2005 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 37 TABLE 3-11: COMMUNITY GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE, 2005 Community GHG Emissions 2005 by Source CO2e (metric tons) CO2e (percent of total) Electricity 29,153 20.6% Natural Gas 32,096 22.7% Gasoline 57,065 40.3% Diesel 11,374 8.0% Methane from Wastewater Treatment Processes 2,657 1.9% Landfilled Solid Waste 9,083 6.4% TOTAL 141,428 100.0% 3.8 PER CAPITA EMISSIONS Per capita emissions can be a useful metric for measuring progress in reducing GHGs and for comparing one community‟s emissions with neighboring cities and against regional and national averages. Currently it is difficult to make meaningful comparisons between local inventories because of variations in the scope of inventories conducted. For instance, this Inventory takes in to account emissions from agricultural off-road vehicles, which many inventories like the Sonoma County GHG Inventory do not. Only when ICLEI, the California Air Resources Board, and other organizations adopt universal reporting standards will local inventories be prepared in a consistent manner and therefore be comparable. Simply dividing total community GHG emissions (141,428 metric tons of CO2e) by city population in 2005 (25,940) yields a result of 5.45 metric tons CO2e per capita.17 It is important to understand that this number is not the same as the carbon footprint of the average individual living in the City of Atascadero, which reflects a wider scope of emissions. It is also important to note that the per capita emissions number for the city is not directly comparable to every per capita number produced by other emissions studies because of differences in emission inventory methods. 17 Baseline population data for the year 2005 was obtained from SLOCOG‟s Long Range Socio- Economic Projections (Year 2030), prepared by Economics Research Associates (July 2006 Revision). 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 38 City of Atascadero 4. City Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory Results In 2005, the City of Atascadero government employed 128 people and was comprised of seven departments: City Manager, Administrative Services, Police and Fire Services, Community Development, Community Services, and Public Works. This chapter reviews the results of the City government operations inventory by sector, including employee commuting emissions. 4.1 CITY GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS INVENTORY RESULTS City government operations and facilities produced approximately 4,130 metric tons of GHG emissions in 2005. As displayed in Figure 4-1, government operations emissions would equate to approximately 2.9% of total community-wide emissions. City government emissions result from waste, energy consumption from wastewater facilities, buildings, streetlights and other facilities, fuel consumption by the vehicle and transit fleet and employee commutes, wastewater treatment processes, and miscellaneous equipment. The wastewater facilities and processes were the largest contributor to the City‟s emissions (70.8%) with 2,923 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. The vehicle fleet (9.7%) was the second largest contributor to the City‟s emissions with 4,023 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. (Refer to Figure 4-2 and Table 4-1 below) FIGURE 4-2: CITY GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, 2005 FIGURE 4-1: CITY GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS CONTRIBUTION TO COMMUNITY-WIDE GHG EMISSIONS 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 39 As mentioned in the Introduction, these emissions are a subset of the community emissions inventory discussed in Chapter 3. The City‟s government operations emissions are separately analyzed in this section in a manner that is similar to how an industry or business would produce a facility-scale GHG audit. The LGOP, version 1.1 developed by the California Air Resources Board, The Climate Registry, the California Climate Action Registry, and ICLEI guides the methodology for estimating emissions from local government operations. TABLE 4-1: CITY GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, 2005 2005 Emissions by Sector Buildings & Facilities Vehicle Fleet Transit Fleet Employee Commute Street Lights & Traffic Signals Water Delivery Wastewater Facilities Solid Waste TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 316 402 214 185 40 1 2,923 49 4,130 Percentage of CO2e 7.6% 9.7% 5.2% 4.5% 1.0% <0.0% 70.8% 1.2% 100.0% 4.2 BUILDING SECTOR The building sector includes GHG emissions from energy consumption in facilities owned and operated by a municipality but does not included facilities located at the wastewater treatment plant. Electricity consumption in facilities located at the wastewater treatment plant is included in the Wastewater Facilities Sector. The facilities included in this analysis include City Hall, fire and police Stations, recreation facilities, Charles Paddock Zoo, parks, and numerous other facilities. As depicted in Figure 4-3 and Table 4- 2, the majority of emissions resulted from electricity consumption (78.5%). FIGURE 4-3: BUILDING GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 40 City of Atascadero It should be noted that the historic Administration Building has been unoccupied since 2004. In 2004, an earthquake damaged the historic building and forced the City to move its government offices to another building in downtown. Subsequently, this Inventory does not include energy consumption in the historic Administration Building. Estimated emissions for City Hall are from a more energy efficient building where government offices were located in 2005. The City has been working with the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) to obtain the necessary funding to restore the building to pre-earthquake condition. Once the building has been repaired to pre-earthquake condition, the City plans to upgrade the building. These upgrades will likely increase the efficiency of the Administration Building; however, baseline emissions were not calculated for this building as part of this inventory and; therefore, the amount of increase in efficiency is unknown. The City plans to move its government offices back to the Administration building within the next couple of years. The relocation is likely to affect the business-as-usual forecast. TABLE 4-2: BUILDING SECTOR GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE 2005 City Government Operations Emissions by Sector Electricity Natural Gas Total CO2e (metric tons) 248 68 316 Percentage of Total CO2e 78.5% 21.5% 100% Energy Use (MMBtu) 3,780 1,283 5,063 These emissions and associated consumption data will be useful in designating priority facilities for energy efficiency retrofits and conservation outreach. 4.3 VEHICLE AND TRANSIT FLEET City-owned and -operated vehicles emitted approximately 616 metric tons of CO2e, or 15.0% of total City government emissions. This sector includes gasoline and diesel consumption from all departments in the City operating vehicles, including the Fire and Police Departments, Community Services, Public Works, and Community Development. This sector also includes the transit fleet operated by the City. This estimate is based on 2005 fuel billing record data provided by the Finance Department for most departments. The Police Department provided their own fuel consumption data as their records are were more complete than the fuel billing records. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 41 The majority of fuel used by the City – vehicle and transit fleets combined – is gasoline (63%), with the remainder diesel (37%) (see Figure 4-4). When compared to the total emissions per fuel type, diesel emissions actually produce less CO2e for the vehicle types used by the City. However, there are other, non-CO2e emissions from diesel-like particulate matter that make such a comparison misleading to the reader. The trend for diesel to emit less CO2e in this case does not necessarily mean that the City should aim to convert more vehicles to conventional diesel. There are multiple clean and alternative fuel options available, including biodiesel conversion, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, smaller vehicles, and shared vehicles. 4.4 EMPLOYEE COMMUTE This sector estimates GHG emissions from City employees traveling to and from work in 2005. The estimate is based on a June 2009 online survey conducted by the City, a blank version of which is included as Appendix F. Approximately 69 employees responded to the survey with usable information, meaning that all essential questions were answered. This results in approximately a 58% response rate, the results of which were applied to the City employment total for 2005. The online survey found that most City employees travel to and from work by car. Employees were asked how many days of the week they travel by each commute mode, including driving alone (which includes motorcycles), carpooling, vanpooling, public transit, bicycling, walking, telecommuting, and other. The results show that employees get to and from 77.4% of their workdays by personal vehicle. The second most popular mode of transportation was bicycling (10.7%), followed by walking and other means such as skateboarding with a combined 7.2% of the total. FIGURE 4-4: VEHICLE FLEET FUEL CONSUMPTION PER YEAR BY TYPE 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 42 City of Atascadero TABLE 4-3: DAYS OF CITY EMPLOYEE TRAVEL BY COMMUTE MODE Mode of Travel Days traveled by Commute mode % of Total Drive Alone 12,792 77.4% Carpool 468 2.8% Vanpool 52 0.3% Public transit 260 1.6% Bicycle 1,768 10.7% Walk 520 3.1% Other 676 4.1% Total 16,536 100% These figures for commute mode were combined with each respondent‟s travel distance to work, car model (if any), and fuel type (if any). The results show VMT annually per vehicle type and fuel type (see Table 4-4). These VMT numbers were then adjusted for the total employee population in 2005 and entered into the CACP2009 software to obtain CO2e. Driving patterns were assumed to be constant for the purposes of this study; therefore, the 2009 sample was applied directly to the 2005 employee population. Only one modification to the sample data was made in order to account for the large increase in hybrid car sales between 2005 and 2009. The proportion of hybrid to traditional vehicles was roughly two-thirds less in 2005 than in 2009, according to State sales data.18 The 2009 survey results, adjusted for 2005 employee totals, resulted in an estimate of 185 metric tons CO2e in 2005 from commuter travel to and from work. This figure comprises 4.5% of total GHG emissions released from City government operations. The calculation does not include employee business travel or travel during lunchtime hours. 18 www.hybridcars.com 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 43 TABLE 4-4: EMPLOYEE COMMUTE VMT BY VEHICLE AND FUEL TYPE Vehicle Group 2009 Survey results Adjusted for 2005 Annual VMT Fuel Type Annual VMT Fuel Type Light Truck/SUV/Pickup 56,197.86 Gasoline 120,997.07 Gasoline 313.08 Diesel 544.76 Diesel Large Truck 22,620.03 Gasoline 39,358.85 Gasoline 16,843.70 Diesel 29,308.04 Diesel Passenger Vehicle 138,885.77 Gasoline 183,403.96 Gasoline Motorcycle 208.72 Gasoline 363.17 Gasoline Total 235,069.16 373,975.86 Employee business travel is usually included in a City government GHG Inventory per protocol; however, we could not include it in this baseline analysis due to data limitations. The City maintains financial records of when employees travel by air or vehicle to conferences and other events; however, it does not keep records of business travel destinations. As such, this Inventory could not accurately account for GHG emissions from employee business travel. A minor adjustment to City recordkeeping would allow the data to be included in the next City government operations GHG inventory. 4.5 STREETLIGHTS AND TRAFFIC SIGNALS The electricity consumed by City streetlights and traffic signals in calendar year 2005 resulted in approximately 40 metric tons of CO2e, or approximately 1.0% of total City government emissions. This Inventory accounts for approximately 289 streetlights and 9 traffic signals. 4.6 WATER AND WASTEWATER The City of Atascadero does not provide potable water to its residents. The Atascadero Mutual Water Company provides residents with drinking water and; therefore, the City does not have regulatory control over the distribution of potable water within the City. Emissions associated with the pumping and distribution of potable water are included in the commercial/industrial portion of the energy sector of the community-wide section of the Inventory. The City is responsible for the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater. Approximately half (50%) of the community is served by sewer and the other 50 percent on septic. Due to a lack of methodology for calculating emissions resulting from septic systems, these emissions are not included in the Inventory. In 2005, electricity consumption from wastewater facilities in 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 44 City of Atascadero the City emitted approximately 266 metric tons of CO2e, or 9.0% of total emissions related to wastewater (see Figure 4-5). This category includes energy use at the Wastewater Treatment Plant and the numerous lift stations and pumps necessary to convey effluent to the treatment plant. Point-source emissions that arise from the wastewater treatment system due to fermentation of discarded biomass in the lagoons resulted in an additional 2,657 metric tons of CO2e, increasing the percentage of total emissions attributed to wastewater facilities to 70.8% of government operations emissions. FIGURE 4-5: GHG EMISSIONS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT The wastewater treatment plant consists of four aerated lagoons and provides a cost effective way to treat wastewater. However, aside from the aeration of these lagoons, the City does not use additional processes to treat the influent. As organic matter is broken down through the process of lagoons, methane is released into the atmosphere. While this Inventory identifies methane from the wastewater treatment plant as the major contributor to the government operations emissions, emissions from other sectors and sources within government operations should not be overlooked entirely. This Inventory is meant to identify the sources of emissions from the City‟s operations. It does not recommend or mandate improvements or upgrades to the wastewater treatment plant. Upgrading the wastewater treatment plant to reduce GHG emissions would likely require a complete redesign of the wastewater treatment plant and be very costly. Emissions associated with government operations are broken down further in Section 4.9. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 45 4.7 SOLID WASTE Similar to the Community-Wide analysis, waste produced by City facilities was calculated using the methane commitment method. The CACP2009 calculates the methane expected to be released from this landfilled waste over the course of its lifetime. Unlike other sectors analyzed, the emissions from waste disposed of in 2005 will occur over multiple years as the waste breaks down over time. Atascadero Waste Alternatives estimates that in 2005, City facilities sent a total of 168.65 tons of waste to landfill, producing 49 metric tons of CO2e, or 1.2% of total emissions. This category includes only those emissions generated by waste produced at City facilities and does not include the total emissions released from the landfill. 4.8 CITY EMISSIONS BY SOURCE It can also be helpful to view overall City government emissions by source. As shown in Table 4.5 and Figure 4.6, the majority of emissions are from methane produced at the wastewater treatment plant during the treatment of wastewater (66.5%). Gasoline (12.9%) consumption by the vehicle and transit fleets is the second largest source of emissions. Electricity consumption in City-owned buildings, streetlights, and water and wastewater facilities account for 12.6% of government operations emissions and natural gas, miscellaneous equipment, diesel and solid waste contributed in decreasing amounts to the remaining 8.0% of the overall City GHG emissions. Since the majority of GHG emissions are associated with the wastewater treatment plant and water treatment processes and strategies to reduce emissions at the treatment plant would require an expensive redesign of the plant, Table 4.5 also breaks down emissions by source with emissions from the wastewater treatment plant and water treatment processes excluded. Viewing emissions without the wastewater treatment plant (see Figure 4.7) will aid the City in identifying other sources of emissions within their operations that are equally as important in reducing the City‟s overall GHG emissions. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 46 City of Atascadero TABLE 4-5: CITY GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE, 2005 City Emissions 2005 by Source All Sectors Emissions from the Wastewater Treatment Plant Processes Removed CO2e (metric tons) CO2e (percent of total) CO2e (metric tons) CO2e (percent of total) Electricity 555 13.4% 555 37.7% Natural Gas 68 1.6% 68 4.6% Gasoline 567 13.7% 567 38.5% Diesel 234 5.7% 234 15.9% Solid Waste Decomposition (Methane) 49 1.2% 49 3.3% Wastewater Treatment Processes (Methane) 2,657 64.3% n/a n/a TOTAL 4,130 100% 1,473 100% 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 47 FIGURE 4-6: CITY GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SOURCE, 2005 FIGURE 4-7: CITY GOVERNMENT GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR WITH WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT REMOVED 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 48 City of Atascadero 5. Forecast The emissions forecast for the City of Atascadero represents a business-as-usual prediction of how community-wide GHG levels will change over time if consumption trends and behavior continue as they did in 2005. These predictions are based on the community inventory results included in this report and statistics on job and population growth from the SLOCOG 2040 Population, Housing & Employment Forecast (August 2011). The analysis shows that if behavior and consumption trends continue as business-as-usual, emissions will reach 172,488 metric tons of CO2e by 2020, or a 22.0% increase over 2005 baseline levels (see Figure 5-1). By 2025 emissions will reach 185,402 metric tons of CO2e, or a 31.1% increase over 2005 baseline levels. FIGURE 5-1: 2020 AND 2025 BUSINESS-AS-USUAL PROJECTED GROWTH IN COMMUNITY-WIDE GHG EMISSIONS The forecast does not quantify emissions reductions from State or federal activities including AB 32, the renewable portfolio standard, and SB 375. Additionally, it does not take into account reduction activities already underway or completed since 2005, the results of which likely put the community‟s emissions on a track well below the business-as-usual linear projection. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 49 Forecasts were performed by applying job and population growth rates to 2005 community-wide GHG emissions levels. Baseline data and estimated growth were obtained from the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments report, "San Luis Obispo County 2040 Population, Housing & Employment Forecast" prepared by AECOM in August 2011. The “mid-range” cases for population and job growth were used in this forecast estimation. Baseline data from this report is consistent with the San Luis Obispo County APCD‟s GHG thresholds. City government operations emissions are not separately analyzed as part of this forecast due to a lack of reasonable growth indicators for the City government sector. However, a significant increase in emissions is not expected for existing facilities and operations in the City government operations sector. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE Page 50 City of Atascadero 6. Conclusion and Next Steps The City of Atascadero has made a formal commitment to reduce its GHG emissions. This report lays the groundwork for those efforts by estimating baseline emission levels against which future progress can be demonstrated. This analysis found that the community was responsible for emitting 141,428 metric tons of CO2e in the base year 2005, with the transportation sector contributing the most (42.5%) to this total. As a component of the community-wide analysis, City government operations produced 4,130 metric tons of CO2e, or 2.9% of the total. In addition to establishing the baseline for tracking progress over time, this report serves to identify the major sources of City emissions, and therefore the greatest opportunities for emission reductions. In this regard, the emissions inventory will inform the focus of the City‟s Climate Action Plan. If no action is taken, this report found that business-as-usual (worst case scenario) emissions will likely rise by 22.0% by 2020 and 31.1% by 2025. It is important to note that in order to remain consistent with GHG reduction methodology, all future quantifications of reduction activities must be subtracted from this „business-as-usual‟ line. Not doing so would be assuming that emissions remain at constant 2005 levels while reduction activities are underway. In reality, the City‟s climate action efforts will be working against a rising emissions level due to job, population, and household growth. Figure 6-1 below shows the business-as-usual emissions forecast in relation to 2005 baseline levels and the 15% reduction below 2005 levels recommended by the State Attorney General and Air Resources Board. 19 The difference between the business-as-usual forecast and the reduction targets is actually 30.3% in 2020. As the City moves forward to the next milestones in the process, including designation of emission reduction targets and development of a Climate Action Plan, the City should identify and quantify the emission reduction benefits of projects that have already been implemented since 2005, as well as the emissions reduction benefits of existing General Plan policies. The benefits of existing strategies can be tallied against the baseline established in this report to determine the appropriate set of strategies that will deliver the City to its chosen emissions reduction goal. 19 The AB 32 Climate Change Scoping Plan Document prepared by the Air Resources Board calls for reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by cutting approximately 30 percent from business-as-usual emission levels projected for 2020, or about 15 percent from today‟s levels. 2005 BASELINE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY UPDATE City of Atascadero Page 51 FIGURE 6-1: GHG FORECAST IN RELATION TO REDUCTION TARGET Business-as- usual forecast 172,488 metric tons CO2e by 2020; 185,402 metric tons CO2e by 2025 2005 baseline levels = 141,428 metric tons CO2e 15% below 2005 baseline levels = 120,214 metric tons CO2e by 2020 Actual Reduction = 52,274 metric tons (30.3%) by 2020 APPENDIX A: CACP DETAILED REPORT FOR COMMUNITY- WIDE EMISSIONS, 2005 Detailed Report Page 110/23/2012 Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 Residential San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA 1 SoCal Gas Company Residential Natural Gas Natural Gas 24,778 17.9 465,78324,714 47 2,329 24,778 17.9 465,783Subtotal 1 SoCal Gas Company Residential Natural Gas24,714 47 2,329 Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. CEC Emission Factor for Natural Gas - RCI Average Set from Local Government Operations Protocol version 1.1 (LGOP v1.1). Fuel CO2 set Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. CEC Emission Factor for Natural Gas - RCI Average Set from Local Government Operations Protocol version 1.1 (LGOP v1.1). Fuel CO2 set provided by Southern California Gas Co for San Luis Obispo area. Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. CEC Emission Factor for Natural Gas - RCI Average Set from Local Government Operations Protocol version 1.1 (LGOP v1.1). Fuel CO2 set provided by Southern California Gas Co for San Luis Obispo area. 2 PG&E Residential Electricity Electricity 15,912 11.5 242,83915,782 355 968 15,912 11.5 242,839Subtotal 2 PG&E Residential Electricity 15,782 355 968 Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Criteria air pollutant emission factors for electricity were obtained from the LGOP v1.1 for Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Criteria air pollutant emission factors for electricity were obtained from the LGOP v1.1 for California. Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Criteria air pollutant emission factors for electricity were obtained from the LGOP v1.1 for California. 40,690 708,62229.3Subtotal Residential 40,496 402 3,297 Commercial San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA 1 SoCal Gas Company Commercial Natural Gas Natural Gas 7,030 5.1 132,1597,012 13 661 7,030 5.1 132,159Subtotal 1 SoCal Gas Company Commercial Natural Gas7,012 13 661 Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. CEC Emission Factor for Natural Gas - RCI Average Set from Local Government Operations Protocol version 1.1 (LGOP v1.1). Fuel CO2 set Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. CEC Emission Factor for Natural Gas - RCI Average Set from Local Government Operations Protocol version 1.1 (LGOP v1.1). Fuel CO2 set provided by Southern California Gas Co for San Luis Obispo area. Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. CEC Emission Factor for Natural Gas - RCI Average Set from Local Government Operations Protocol version 1.1 (LGOP v1.1). Fuel CO2 set provided by Southern California Gas Co for San Luis Obispo area. Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs, Southern California Gas Co. (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com <mailto:pmorais@semprautilities.com>, May 2012. CEC Emission Factor for Natural Gas - RCI Average Set from Local Government Operations Protocol version 1.1 (LGOP v1.1). Fuel CO2 set provided by Southern California Gas Co for San Luis Obispo area. This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. Detailed Report Page 210/23/2012 Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 2 PG&E Commercial + Industrial Electricity Electricity 13,241 9.5 202,06513,132 295 806 13,241 9.5 202,065Subtotal 2 PG&E Commercial + Industrial Electricity13,132 295 806 Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Criteria air pollutant emission factors for electricity were obtained from the LGOP v1.1 for Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Criteria air pollutant emission factors for electricity were obtained from the LGOP v1.1 for California. Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Criteria air pollutant emission factors for electricity were obtained from the LGOP v1.1 for California. Electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com <mailto:jillian.rich@pge.com> and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com <mailto:ghgdatarequests@pge.com>, PG&E. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Criteria air pollutant emission factors for electricity were obtained from the LGOP v1.1 for California. 20,271 334,22314.6Subtotal Commercial 20,144 309 1,466 Waste San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA 3 Community Solid Waste - Chicago Grade Disposal Method - Managed Landfill Paper Products 5,067 3.700241,287 Food Waste 1,987 1.40094,629 Plant Debris 533 0.40025,393 Wood or Textiles 1,489 1.10070,890 9,076 6.5Subtotal 3 Community Solid Waste - Chicago Grade0 0 432,198 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 4. Cold Canyon landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Cold Canyon total gas generated = 700 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 420 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 4. Cold Canyon landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Cold Canyon total gas generated = 700 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 420 mmcf/yr. 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 4. Cold Canyon landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Cold Canyon total gas generated = 700 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 420 mmcf/yr. Notes: 1. Waste Type data not collected by landfill. State average waste characterization data is used for residential, commercial, and self haul waste. 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 4. Cold Canyon landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Cold Canyon total gas generated = 700 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 420 mmcf/yr. Notes: 1. Waste Type data not collected by landfill. State average waste characterization data is used for residential, commercial, and self haul waste. 2. Emissions Factors from LGOP v1.1 3 Community Solid Waste - Cold Canyon Disposal Method - Managed Landfill Paper Products 4 0.000199 Food Waste 2 0.00078 This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. Detailed Report Page 310/23/2012 Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 Plant Debris 0 0.00021 Wood or Textiles 1 0.00059 7 0.0Subtotal 3 Community Solid Waste - Cold Canyon0 0 357 Source(s):Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 4. Cold Canyon landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Cold Canyon total gas generated = 700 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 420 mmcf/yr. Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 4. Cold Canyon landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Cold Canyon total gas generated = 700 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 420 mmcf/yr. Notes: Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 4. Cold Canyon landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Cold Canyon total gas generated = 700 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 420 mmcf/yr. Notes: Source(s): 1. Total waste tonnage for the City in 2005 provided by the 2005 Disposal Quarterly Reports prepared by San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority on 6/17/05, 9/27/05, 12/27/05 and 3/6/06, provided by Peter Cron, pcron@iwma.com. 2. Percentages of waste share by type for landfill tonnage provided by CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097 3. Chicago Grade landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Chicago Grade total gas generated = 157.47 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 94.48 mmcf/yr. 4. Cold Canyon landfill reports a methane recovery factor of 60%. Cold Canyon total gas generated = 700 mmcf/yr. Total gas transferred = 420 mmcf/yr. Notes: 1. Waste Type data not collected by landfill. State average waste characterization data is used for residential, commercial, and self haul waste. 9,084 6.5Subtotal Waste 0 0 432,555 Other San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA 1 - On-Road Transportation Carbon Dioxide 60,041 43.360,041 0 0 60,041 43.3Subtotal 1 - On-Road Transportation 60,041 0 0 Sources:Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Notes: Using origin-destination analysis, three types of vehicle trips were tracked separately for AM and PM peak periods in the City: Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Notes: Using origin-destination analysis, three types of vehicle trips were tracked separately for AM and PM peak periods in the City: 1. Internal-Internal: Vehicle trips that remained inside the city 2. Internal-External and External-Internal: Vehicle trips that have an ending or a beginning in the city Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Notes: Using origin-destination analysis, three types of vehicle trips were tracked separately for AM and PM peak periods in the City: 1. Internal-Internal: Vehicle trips that remained inside the city 2. Internal-External and External-Internal: Vehicle trips that have an ending or a beginning in the city 3. External-External: Vehicle trips that pass through the city without originating or ending in the city Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Notes: Using origin-destination analysis, three types of vehicle trips were tracked separately for AM and PM peak periods in the City: 1. Internal-Internal: Vehicle trips that remained inside the city 2. Internal-External and External-Internal: Vehicle trips that have an ending or a beginning in the city 3. External-External: Vehicle trips that pass through the city without originating or ending in the city Using the recommendation of the Regional Target Advisory Committee (RTAC), the body responsible for Senate Bill 375 target setting, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) from trips of type 1, 2, and 3 were counted 100%, 50%, and 0% respectively toward jurisdiction-generated Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Notes: Using origin-destination analysis, three types of vehicle trips were tracked separately for AM and PM peak periods in the City: 1. Internal-Internal: Vehicle trips that remained inside the city 2. Internal-External and External-Internal: Vehicle trips that have an ending or a beginning in the city 3. External-External: Vehicle trips that pass through the city without originating or ending in the city Using the recommendation of the Regional Target Advisory Committee (RTAC), the body responsible for Senate Bill 375 target setting, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) from trips of type 1, 2, and 3 were counted 100%, 50%, and 0% respectively toward jurisdiction-generated VMT. Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Notes: Using origin-destination analysis, three types of vehicle trips were tracked separately for AM and PM peak periods in the City: 1. Internal-Internal: Vehicle trips that remained inside the city 2. Internal-External and External-Internal: Vehicle trips that have an ending or a beginning in the city 3. External-External: Vehicle trips that pass through the city without originating or ending in the city Using the recommendation of the Regional Target Advisory Committee (RTAC), the body responsible for Senate Bill 375 target setting, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) from trips of type 1, 2, and 3 were counted 100%, 50%, and 0% respectively toward jurisdiction-generated VMT. Transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using the EMFAC2011 software. EMFAC2011 provides carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions according to the unique vehicle composition of each county in California. Of the total on-road Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Notes: Using origin-destination analysis, three types of vehicle trips were tracked separately for AM and PM peak periods in the City: 1. Internal-Internal: Vehicle trips that remained inside the city 2. Internal-External and External-Internal: Vehicle trips that have an ending or a beginning in the city 3. External-External: Vehicle trips that pass through the city without originating or ending in the city Using the recommendation of the Regional Target Advisory Committee (RTAC), the body responsible for Senate Bill 375 target setting, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) from trips of type 1, 2, and 3 were counted 100%, 50%, and 0% respectively toward jurisdiction-generated VMT. Transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using the EMFAC2011 software. EMFAC2011 provides carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions according to the unique vehicle composition of each county in California. Of the total on-road transportation emissions 93.2% are the result of gasoline consumption and 6.8% are the result of diesel fuel consumption. Sources: Average weekday vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were provided by Fehr & Peers, July 2012, using the San Luis Obispo Regional Travel Demand model. Transportation-related GHG emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were calculated using California Air Resources Board's Emissions Factor (EMFAC2011) software and converted to CO2e. Notes: Using origin-destination analysis, three types of vehicle trips were tracked separately for AM and PM peak periods in the City: 1. Internal-Internal: Vehicle trips that remained inside the city 2. Internal-External and External-Internal: Vehicle trips that have an ending or a beginning in the city 3. External-External: Vehicle trips that pass through the city without originating or ending in the city Using the recommendation of the Regional Target Advisory Committee (RTAC), the body responsible for Senate Bill 375 target setting, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) from trips of type 1, 2, and 3 were counted 100%, 50%, and 0% respectively toward jurisdiction-generated VMT. Transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using the EMFAC2011 software. EMFAC2011 provides carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions according to the unique vehicle composition of each county in California. Of the total on-road transportation emissions 93.2% are the result of gasoline consumption and 6.8% are the result of diesel fuel consumption. This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. Detailed Report Page 410/23/2012 Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 1 - Off-Road and Agricultural Equipment Carbon Dioxide 8,686 6.38,686 0 0 8,686 6.3Subtotal 1 - Off-Road and Agricultural Equipment8,686 0 0 Off-road vehicle and equipment emissions obtained from the California Air Resources Boards' OFFROAD2007 software. Emissions were calculated Off-road vehicle and equipment emissions obtained from the California Air Resources Boards' OFFROAD2007 software. Emissions were calculated for construction equipment based on the city's share of countywide construction jobs, lawn & garden equipment based on the city's share of countywide households, industrial equipment based on the city's share of countywide industrial sector jobs, light commercial equipment based on the Off-road vehicle and equipment emissions obtained from the California Air Resources Boards' OFFROAD2007 software. Emissions were calculated for construction equipment based on the city's share of countywide construction jobs, lawn & garden equipment based on the city's share of countywide households, industrial equipment based on the city's share of countywide industrial sector jobs, light commercial equipment based on the city's share of countywide commercial sector jobs, and agricultural equipment based on the city's share of countywide agricultural land. Household Off-road vehicle and equipment emissions obtained from the California Air Resources Boards' OFFROAD2007 software. Emissions were calculated for construction equipment based on the city's share of countywide construction jobs, lawn & garden equipment based on the city's share of countywide households, industrial equipment based on the city's share of countywide industrial sector jobs, light commercial equipment based on the city's share of countywide commercial sector jobs, and agricultural equipment based on the city's share of countywide agricultural land. Household and job data obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau and agricultural data obtained from County GIS files. 68,727 49.5Subtotal Other 68,727 0 0 Total 138,772 1,042,846100.0129,368 710 437,318 This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. APPENDIX B: CACP DETAILED REPORT FOR CITY GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS EMISSIONS, 2005 Detailed Report Page 17/19/2012 Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy Cost (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO ($) 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 Buildings and Facilities San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA All Buildings and Facilities Electricity 248 16.8 3,780 0246615 Natural Gas 68 4.6 1,283 06806 316 21.5 5,063 0Subtotal All Buildings and Facilities 314 6 21 Revised Inventory Notes:Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Update electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E, May 2012. Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Update electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E, May 2012. Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Update electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E, May 2012. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E CO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Update electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E, May 2012. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E CO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Update electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E, May 2012. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E CO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). N2O and CH4 emissions factors from LGOP v1.1 Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Update electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E, May 2012. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E CO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). N2O and CH4 emissions factors from LGOP v1.1 Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Update electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E, May 2012. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E CO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). N2O and CH4 emissions factors from LGOP v1.1 Original Inventory Notes: Electricity data recieved from PG&E (ghgdatarequests@pge.com). Natural gas data retrieved from The Gas Company billing statements. Billing Revised Inventory Notes: Updated natural gas data provided by Paulo Morais, Customer Programs Environmental Affairs (213) 244-3246, pmorais@semprautilities.com, May 2012. Update electricity data provided by Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E, May 2012. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E CO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). N2O and CH4 emissions factors from LGOP v1.1 Original Inventory Notes: Electricity data recieved from PG&E (ghgdatarequests@pge.com). Natural gas data retrieved from The Gas Company billing statements. Billing statements were provided by the Finance Department Richelle Rickard (805-470-3428). 316 5,063 021.5Subtotal Buildings and Facilities 314 6 21 Streetlights & Traffic Signals San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA All Streelights and Traffic Signals Electricity 40 2.7 613 4354012 40 2.7 613 435Subtotal All Streelights and Traffic Signals 40 1 2 Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E.Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Original Inventory Notes: Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Original Inventory Notes: Data recieved from PG&E (ghgdatarequests@pge.com). 40 613 4352.7Subtotal Streetlights & Traffic Signals 40 1 2 This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. Detailed Report Page 27/19/2012 Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy Cost (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO ($) 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 Water Delivery Facilities San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA Water Delivery Facilities Electricity 0 0.0 2 0000 0 0.0 2 0Subtotal Water Delivery Facilities 0 0 0 Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E.Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Original Inventory Notes: Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Original Inventory Notes: Data recieved from PG&E (ghgdatarequests@pge.com). 0 2 00.0Subtotal Water Delivery Facilities 0 0 0 Wastewater Facilities San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA Wastewater Facilities Electricity 266 18.1 4,059 0264616 Natural Gas 0 0.0 5 0000 266 18.1 4,064 0Subtotal Wastewater Facilities 264 6 16 Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E.Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). 2. Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morias at SoCalGas. Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). 2. Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morias at SoCalGas. Source: Jillian Rich, jillian.rich@pge.com and John Joseph, ghgdatarequests@pge.com, PG&E. 1. The "PG&E California" electricity coefficient set is based on the 2005 PG&E eCO2 emission factor of 0.489 lbs/kWh of delivered electricity as update on June 27, 2011 and provided by PG&E. PG&E's third-party-verified GHG inventory submitted to the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR)6 (2003-2008) or The Climate Registry (TCR) (2009). 2. Natural gas data provided by Paulo Morias at SoCalGas. Original Inventory Notes: Data recieved from PG&E (ghgdatarequests@pge.com). Service ID# 4949700205 266 4,064 018.1Subtotal Wastewater Facilities 264 6 16 Solid Waste Facilities San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA 3 - All Facilities Carbon Dioxide 49 3.3 0 04900 49 3.3 0 0Subtotal 3 - All Facilities 49 0 0 Data provided by Mike LaBarbera (805.466.3636) at Atascadero Waste Alternatives. This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. Detailed Report Page 37/19/2012 Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy Cost (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO ($) 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 49 0 03.3Subtotal Solid Waste Facilities 49 0 0 Vehicle Fleet San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA 1 ComDev Gasoline 14 1.0 207 4,2501411 14 1.0 207 4,250Subtotal 1 ComDev 14 1 1 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Community Development assigned gas cards to specific vehicles. This information was provided by Annette Manier, Community Development Department, (805-470-3470). Light Trucks MY 1999 includes 2 - Ford Rangers. Light Trucks MY 2004 includes 1 - All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Community Development assigned gas cards to specific vehicles. This information was provided by Annette Manier, Community Development Department, (805-470-3470). Light Trucks MY 1999 includes 2 - Ford Rangers. Light Trucks MY 2004 includes 1 - Ford Explorer. 1 Fire Dept. Diesel 60 4.1 829 14,5376000 Gasoline 12 0.8 172 2,2981211 72 4.9 1,001 16,835Subtotal 1 Fire Dept.72 1 1 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Fire Department assigned gas cards to specific vehicles; however, the fleet has changed since 2005 and it was difficult to match present card information with specific vehicles in 2005. It was assumed all diesel consumption was by firetrucks and unleaded All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Fire Department assigned gas cards to specific vehicles; however, the fleet has changed since 2005 and it was difficult to match present card information with specific vehicles in 2005. It was assumed all diesel consumption was by firetrucks and unleaded gasoline by the remaining fleet vehicles. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the six vehicles. Gas card information was provided by All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Fire Department assigned gas cards to specific vehicles; however, the fleet has changed since 2005 and it was difficult to match present card information with specific vehicles in 2005. It was assumed all diesel consumption was by firetrucks and unleaded gasoline by the remaining fleet vehicles. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the six vehicles. Gas card information was provided by Ellen Perkins, Fire Department, (805-470-3300). Diesel Heavy-Duty Vehicles (All MY) includes - Vehicle Numbers 501, 502, 503, 507, and 574. Light Trucks MY 19987 to 1993 includes 2 - Chevy Blazers. Light Trucks MY 2001 includes 2 - Ford F250. Light Trucks MY 2004 includes 1 - Chevy Tahoe All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Fire Department assigned gas cards to specific vehicles; however, the fleet has changed since 2005 and it was difficult to match present card information with specific vehicles in 2005. It was assumed all diesel consumption was by firetrucks and unleaded gasoline by the remaining fleet vehicles. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the six vehicles. Gas card information was provided by Ellen Perkins, Fire Department, (805-470-3300). Diesel Heavy-Duty Vehicles (All MY) includes - Vehicle Numbers 501, 502, 503, 507, and 574. Light Trucks MY 19987 to 1993 includes 2 - Chevy Blazers. Light Trucks MY 2001 includes 2 - Ford F250. Light Trucks MY 2004 includes 1 - Chevy Tahoe Fire Command Vehicle. 1 Parks Gasoline 24 1.6 342 02332 24 1.6 342 0Subtotal 1 Parks 23 3 2 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Light Trucks MY 1987 to 1993 includes 1- 1980 Cushman Scooter, 1- 1986 Ford Ranger, 1- 1980 Chevy Truck, 1- 1990 GMC Truck. Heavy Duty Vihicles MY 2002 includes 1- 2002 Dodge Truck 3/4 Ton dump bed. 1 Police Department Diesel 1 0.1 11 0100 Gasoline 132 9.0 1,910 013076 133 9.0 1,922 0Subtotal 1 Police Department 131 7 6 All vehicle gas consumption data provided by Terry Buckley, Police Department (ext. 3258). The Police Department tracks vehicle fuel consumption. All vehicle gas consumption data provided by Terry Buckley, Police Department (ext. 3258). The Police Department tracks vehicle fuel consumption. Police Department personnel use government credit cards in addition to assigned gas cards to purchase fuel. These purchases do not show up in the gas card billing statements provided by the Finance Department. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the 23 vehicles. Passenger Cars All vehicle gas consumption data provided by Terry Buckley, Police Department (ext. 3258). The Police Department tracks vehicle fuel consumption. Police Department personnel use government credit cards in addition to assigned gas cards to purchase fuel. These purchases do not show up in the gas card billing statements provided by the Finance Department. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the 23 vehicles. Passenger Cars MY 2005 includes 3 - Ford Crown Victoria and 1 - BMW Motorcycle. Passenger Cars MY 2004 includes 1 - Ford Crown Victoria. Passenger Cars MY All vehicle gas consumption data provided by Terry Buckley, Police Department (ext. 3258). The Police Department tracks vehicle fuel consumption. Police Department personnel use government credit cards in addition to assigned gas cards to purchase fuel. These purchases do not show up in the gas card billing statements provided by the Finance Department. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the 23 vehicles. Passenger Cars MY 2005 includes 3 - Ford Crown Victoria and 1 - BMW Motorcycle. Passenger Cars MY 2004 includes 1 - Ford Crown Victoria. Passenger Cars MY 2003 includes 1 - Ford Crown Victoria and 1 - Dodge Intrepid. Passenger Cars MY 1999 includes 2 - Ford Crown Victoria and 1 - Ford Taurus. Passenger Cars MY 2001 includes 3 - Ford Crown Victoria. Passenger Cars MY 2000 includes 2 - Ford Crown Victoria. Passenger Cars MY 1998 All vehicle gas consumption data provided by Terry Buckley, Police Department (ext. 3258). The Police Department tracks vehicle fuel consumption. Police Department personnel use government credit cards in addition to assigned gas cards to purchase fuel. These purchases do not show up in the gas card billing statements provided by the Finance Department. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the 23 vehicles. Passenger Cars MY 2005 includes 3 - Ford Crown Victoria and 1 - BMW Motorcycle. Passenger Cars MY 2004 includes 1 - Ford Crown Victoria. Passenger Cars MY 2003 includes 1 - Ford Crown Victoria and 1 - Dodge Intrepid. Passenger Cars MY 1999 includes 2 - Ford Crown Victoria and 1 - Ford Taurus. Passenger Cars MY 2001 includes 3 - Ford Crown Victoria. Passenger Cars MY 2000 includes 2 - Ford Crown Victoria. Passenger Cars MY 1998 includes 1 - Ford Taurus. Passenger Cars MY 1997 includes 2 - Dodge Intrepid. Passenger Cars MY 1995 includes 2 - Ford Crown Victoria. This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. Detailed Report Page 47/19/2012 Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy Cost (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO ($) 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 Passenger Cars MY 1984 to 1993 includes 1 - 1955 Chevy. Light Trucks MY 2004 includes 1 - Ford Expedition. Light Trucks MY 1987-1993 includes Passenger Cars MY 1984 to 1993 includes 1 - 1955 Chevy. Light Trucks MY 2004 includes 1 - Ford Expedition. Light Trucks MY 1987-1993 includes 1 - 1989 Jeep. Diesel Heavy-Duty Vehicles includes 1 - 1981 Chevy Bus. Passenger Cars MY 1984 to 1993 includes 1 - 1955 Chevy. Light Trucks MY 2004 includes 1 - Ford Expedition. Light Trucks MY 1987-1993 includes 1 - 1989 Jeep. Diesel Heavy-Duty Vehicles includes 1 - 1981 Chevy Bus. 1 PW Building Maintenance Gasoline 7 0.4 94 1,827610 7 0.4 94 1,827Subtotal 1 PW Building Maintenance 6 1 0 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the three vehicles. Light Trucks MY 2002 includes 1 - Ford F150. Light Trucks MY 1987 to 1993 includes 1 - Chevrolet (C-11). 1 PW Operations Gasoline 1 0.1 11 319100 1 0.1 11 319Subtotal 1 PW Operations 1 0 0 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Light Trucks MY 2005 includes 1 - Ford Explorer. 1 PW Streets Gasoline 6 0.4 88 1,922601 6 0.4 88 1,922Subtotal 1 PW Streets 6 0 1 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Unleaded gasoline is evenly distributed between the nine vehicles within the fleet. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 1985 to 1986 includes 1 - 1980 3/4 Ton Chevy Utility Truck, 1 - 1981 5 YD Ford Dump Truck, 1 - 1982 5 YD Ford Dump Truck, and 1 - 1984 1 Ton All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Unleaded gasoline is evenly distributed between the nine vehicles within the fleet. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 1985 to 1986 includes 1 - 1980 3/4 Ton Chevy Utility Truck, 1 - 1981 5 YD Ford Dump Truck, 1 - 1982 5 YD Ford Dump Truck, and 1 - 1984 1 Ton Chevy Service Truck. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 1990 to 1995 includes 1 - 1990 GMC 1 Ton Service Truck. Light Trucks MY 1987 to 1993 includes 1 - All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Unleaded gasoline is evenly distributed between the nine vehicles within the fleet. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 1985 to 1986 includes 1 - 1980 3/4 Ton Chevy Utility Truck, 1 - 1981 5 YD Ford Dump Truck, 1 - 1982 5 YD Ford Dump Truck, and 1 - 1984 1 Ton Chevy Service Truck. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 1990 to 1995 includes 1 - 1990 GMC 1 Ton Service Truck. Light Trucks MY 1987 to 1993 includes 1 - 1973 Chevy 1/2 Ton, 1 - 1989 1/2 Ton Chevy Pick-up, and 1 - 1990 1/2 Ton GMC Pick-up. Light Trucks MY 2002 includes 1 - 1/2 Ton Dodge Pick-up. 1 Wastewater Diesel 125 8.5 1,717 012500 Gasoline 12 0.8 178 01211 138 9.3 1,894 0Subtotal 1 Wastewater 137 1 1 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Diesel fuel was distrubeted evenly between the Front End Case Loader and Aquatech Sewer Jet Truck. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the remainder of the fleet. Diesel Heavy Duty Trucks All MY includes 1- Front End Case Loader All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Diesel fuel was distrubeted evenly between the Front End Case Loader and Aquatech Sewer Jet Truck. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the remainder of the fleet. Diesel Heavy Duty Trucks All MY includes 1- Front End Case Loader and 1- Aquatech Sewer Jet Truck. Light Trucks MY 1987 to 1993 includes 1 - 1984 Chevy truck and 1 - 1992 GMC medium duty with crane. Light All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Diesel fuel was distrubeted evenly between the Front End Case Loader and Aquatech Sewer Jet Truck. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the remainder of the fleet. Diesel Heavy Duty Trucks All MY includes 1- Front End Case Loader and 1- Aquatech Sewer Jet Truck. Light Trucks MY 1987 to 1993 includes 1 - 1984 Chevy truck and 1 - 1992 GMC medium duty with crane. Light Trucks MY 1999 includes 1 - Ford F250. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2003 includes 1 - Ford F550 Super Duty. Light Trucks MY 2003 includes 1 - Dodge Ram. 1 Zoo Gasoline 8 0.5 113 2,302811 8 0.5 113 2,302Subtotal 1 Zoo 8 1 1 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. Detailed Report Page 57/19/2012 Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 (%) Energy Cost (tonnes)(MMBtu) Equiv CO ($) 2CO (tonnes) N O (kg) CH (kg) 422 maintained by individual Departments. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the four vehicles.Light Trucks MY 1987 to 1993 includes 1 maintained by individual Departments. Unleaded gasoline was distributed evenly between the four vehicles.Light Trucks MY 1987 to 1993 includes 1 - 1979 Chevy Luv 4x4, 1 - 1985 Dodge Sedan, 1 - 1990 Chevy S-10, and 1 - Isuzu Trooper. 403 5,672 27,45627.4Subtotal Vehicle Fleet 398 15 13 Employee Commute San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA 1 Employee Commute Diesel 48 3.2 652 04801 Gasoline 137 9.3 1,969 01341015 185 12.6 2,621 0Subtotal 1 Employee Commute 181 10 16 Passenger Cars Alt. Method includes motorcycles. 185 2,621 012.6Subtotal Employee Commute 181 10 16 Transit Fleet San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA 1 Dail-A-Ride Gasoline 119 8.1 1,712 26,72511683 119 8.1 1,712 26,725Subtotal 1 Dail-A-Ride 116 8 3 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Transit Fleet information was provided by Amanda Muether, Dispatch, (805) XXX-XXXX. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2002 includes 1 - Chapion Type III Bus. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2005 includes 1 - Eldorado Aerotech Bus. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2003 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Transit Fleet information was provided by Amanda Muether, Dispatch, (805) XXX-XXXX. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2002 includes 1 - Chapion Type III Bus. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2005 includes 1 - Eldorado Aerotech Bus. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2003 includes 2 - Ford Type III Bus. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2000 includes 1 - Eldorado Champion Bus 1 North County Shuttle (Fixed Route) Gasoline 95 6.4 1,361 26,9509273 95 6.4 1,361 26,950Subtotal 1 North County Shuttle (Fixed Route)92 7 3 All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are All vehicle fuel consumption records provided by the Finance Department. Records consisted of gas card billing statements. Gas cards are maintained by individual Departments. Transit Fleet information was provided by Amanda Muether, Dispatch, (805) 461-5000. Heavy Duty Vehicles MY 2003 includes 1 - Ford Type III Bus with Graphics. 213 3,073 53,67514.5Subtotal Transit Fleet 209 14 6 Total 1,473 21,107 81,566100.01,455 53 75 This report has been generated for San Luis Obsipo APCD, CA using ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection 2009 Software. APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY-WIDE INVENTORY APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY City of Atascadero Page C-1 Detailed Methodology for Community-Wide Inventory This appendix provides the detailed methodology and data sources used for calculating GHG emissions in each sector of the community-wide inventory. OVERVIEW OF INVENTORY CONTENTS AND APPROACH The community inventory methodology is based on guidance from ICLEI International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP) (October 2009) and the Association of Environmental Professionals California Community-wide GHG Baseline Inventory Protocol (AEP Protocol) (June 2011). The community inventory identifies and quantifies emissions from the residential, commercial/industrial, transportation, off-road, and solid waste sectors. Emissions are calculated by multiplying activity data—such as kilowatt hours or gallons of gasoline consumed—by emissions factors, which provide the quantity of emissions per unit of activity. Activity data is typically available from electric and gas utilities, planning and transportation agencies and air quality regulatory agencies. Emissions factors are drawn from a variety of sources, including the California Climate Action Registry, the Local Governments Operations Protocol (LGOP) version 1.1 (May 2010), and air quality models produced by the California Air Resources Board. In this inventory, all GHG emissions are converted into carbon dioxide equivalent units, or CO2e, per guidance in the LGOP version 1.1, AEP Protocol, and IEAP. The LGOP provides standard factors to convert various greenhouse gases into carbon dioxide equivalent units; these factors are known as Global Warming Potential factors, representing the ratio of the heat-trapping ability of each greenhouse gas relative to that of carbon dioxide. The following sections describe the specific data sources and methodology for calculating GHG emissions in each community sector. RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL SECTORS All residential and commercial/industrial sector emissions are the result of electricity consumption and the on-site combustion of natural gas. Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) and Southern California Gas Company (SoCal Gas Co.) provided residential electricity and natural gas consumption data. Specifically, data was provided by:  Jillian Rich, Program Manager with PG&E Green Communities and Innovator Pilots (jillian.rich@pge.com), and John Joseph, PG&E GHG Data Requests APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY Page C-2 City of Atascadero  Paulo Morais, Energy Programs Supervisor with Southern California Gas Company, Customer Programs (pmorias@semprautilities.com) The raw data received from PG&E and SoCal Gas Co. is summarized in Tables 1 and 2 below. This raw data was input into the CACP2009 software in kWh and therms. PG&E provided a 2005 carbon dioxide (CO2) coefficient for electricity use and SoCal Gas Co. provided a carbon dioxide (CO2) coefficient for natural gas (see ―electricity and natural gas coefficients‖ section). Emissions coefficients for methane (CH4) and nitrogen dioxide (N2O) emissions were provided by the California LGOP version 1.1 and were converted into carbon dioxide equivalents and added to the CO2 emissions to obtain carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions. All commercial/industrial sector emissions are the result of electricity consumption and the on- site combustion of natural gas. Commercial and industrial electricity were combined into one section by PG&E due to the California 15/15 Rule. The 15/15 Rule was adopted by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) in the Direct Access Proceeding (CPUC Decision 97-10-031) to protect customer confidentiality. The 15/15 Rule requires that any aggregated information provided by the utilities must be made up of at least 15 customers. A single customer's load must be less than 15% of an assigned category. If the number of customers in the complied data is below 15, or if a single customer's load is more than 15% of the total data, categories must be combined before the information is released. The rule further requires that if the 15/15 Rule is triggered for a second time after the data has been screened already using the 15/15 Rule, the customer must be dropped from the information provided. As a result, PG&E aggregated commercial and industrial energy consumption into one report, whereas SoCal Gas Co. separated commercial and industrial gas usage (shown in the chart below) into two reports. It would have been misleading to present an ―Industrial‖ category for only natural gas emissions; therefore, the SoCal Gas Co. emissions were aggregated with commercial as well. TABLE 1: RESIDENTIAL ENERGY USE 2005 Residential Energy Emissions Scope Input Data Metric Tons Metric Tons CO2e per year PG&E Electricity 2 71,151,775 kWh 15,912 SoCal Gas Co. Natural Gas 1 4,657,834 Therms 24,778 APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY City of Atascadero Page C-3 TABLE 2: COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL ENERGY USE 2005 Commercial / Industrial Energy Emissions Scope Input Data Metric Tons CO2e per year PG&E Commercial + Industrial Electricity 2 59,204,973 kWh 13,241 SoCal Gas Co. Commercial + Industrial Natural Gas 1 1,321,587 Therms 7,030 To make the Inventory more accurate and representative of the city‘s real impact on climate change, tailored coefficient sets were obtained from PG&E and the LGOP version 1.1. Sources and coefficient values are summarized in the table below. TABLE 3: ELECTRICITY COEFFICIENT SETS Coefficient Set Unit Value Source Average Grid Electricity Set Lbs / MWh 489 CO2 0.011 N2O 0.03 CH4 Jillian Rich, Program Manager with PG&E Green Communities and Innovator Pilots (jillian.rich@pge.com), and John Joseph, PG&E GHG Data Requests (ghgdatarequests@pge.com) and LGOP version 1.1 TABLE 4: NATURAL GAS COEFFICIENT SETS Coefficient Set Unit Value Source Fuel CO2 (Natural Gas) Set kg/MMBtu 53.06 CO2 Coefficient set provided by LGOP version 1.1 RCI Average Set – Residential kg/MMBtu 0.0001 N2O 0.005 CH4 Coefficient set provided by LGOP version 1.1 RCI Average Set – Commercial + Industrial kg/MMBtu 0.0001 N2O 0.005 CH4 Coefficient set provided by LGOP version 1.1 APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY Page C-4 City of Atascadero TRANSPORTATION SECTOR On-road transportation emissions were derived from local jurisdiction vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data and regional vehicle and travel characteristics. The transportation analysis, conducted by Fehr & Peers, utilized the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) Regional Travel Demand model to develop transportation-related GHG emissions data and VMT for trips that have an origin and/or destination in the city. The SLOCOG Travel Demand Model was recently updated and validated to reflect 2010 conditions and to comply with the Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) guidelines on implementation of Senate Bill 375 (SB 375). The update included expanding the times of day, calibration of multiple modes, and reflecting the auto and of non-auto RTP transportation system, all beneficial when quantifying potential GHG reduction strategies. A 2005 land use scenario was developed by extrapolating 2035 and 2010. Similarly, a 2020 land use scenario was developed by interpolating between 2010 and 2035. See Summary for the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments Model Improvement Project to Meet the Requirements of California Transportation Commission Guidelines for Regional Transportation Plans in Response to SB375 (February, 2012) for details on model calibration and validation. Using the model, Fehr & Peers allocated vehicle trips and VMT to each of the cities in San Luis Obispo County and the unincorporated county by weighting trips based on their origin and destination. The VMT summarized for land use with each of the incorporated cities and unincorporated county includes: a) All of the VMT associated with trips made completely internally within each jurisdiction; b) Half of the VMT generated by jobs and residences located within each jurisdiction but that travels to/from external destinations (this is consistent with the recent SB 375 Regional Targets Advisory Committee (RTAC) decision that the two generators of an inter-jurisdictional trip should each be assigned half of the responsibility for the trip and its VMT); and c) None of the responsibility for travel passing completely through the jurisdiction with neither an origin point, or a destination within the city (also consistent with RTAC decision). The gateways exiting the model area were included in the VMT calculation. This means that a jurisdiction will be held responsible for some VMT occurring outside of the model borders. For APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY City of Atascadero Page C-5 example, if a household in Pismo Beach travels across the Santa Maria Bridge to Santa Barbara, or through San Luis Obispo City to reach King City. To capture the effects of congestion, the model VMT for each time period were summarized by speed for each time period and then aggregated to daily. The VMT results are summarized in Table 5 for the baseline year (2005) and Table 6 for 2020. TABLE 5: VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED PER JURISDICTION, 2005 Vehicle Miles Traveled per Jurisdiction, 2005 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Average Weekday Daily Average Annual1 Arroyo Grande 231,019 80,163,593 Atascadero 375,925 130,445,975 Grover Beach 116,140 40,300,580 Morro Bay 140,915 48,897,505 Paso Robles 424,515 147,306,705 Pismo Beach 324,400 112,566,800 San Luis Obispo 2,280,295 791,262,365 Unincorporated County 2,635,017 914,350,899 Total 6,528,226 2,265,294,422 1 Average Annual VMT was calculated by applying a multiplier of 347 to average weekday daily VMT to account for the total number of weekdays in one year based on the recommendation from Caltrans. APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY Page C-6 City of Atascadero TABLE 6: VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED PER JURISDICTION, 2020 Vehicle Miles Traveled per Jurisdiction, 2020 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Average Weekday Daily Average Annual1 Arroyo Grande 267,068 92,672,596 Atascadero 501,605 174,056,935 Grover Beach 154,957 53,770,079 Morro Bay 167,302 58,053,794 Paso Robles 559,372 194,102,084 Pismo Beach 508,625 176,492,875 San Luis Obispo 3,298,712 1,144,653,064 Unincorporated County 3,378,180 1,172,228,460 Total 8,835,821 3,066,029,887 1 Average Annual VMT was calculated by applying a multiplier of 347 to average weekday daily VMT to account for the total number of weekdays in one year based on the recommendation from Caltrans. The EMFAC2011 model developed by the California Air Resources Board was then used to calculate emissions from the VMT figures above. EMFAC defaults for San Luis Obispo County include regionally-specific information on the mix of vehicle classes and model years, as well as ambient conditions and travel speeds that determine fuel efficiency. Types of emissions accounted for include: running exhaust, idle exhaust, starting exhaust, diurnal, resting loss, running loss, and hot soak. The model estimates carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions from these factors and inputted vehicle activity data. WASTE SECTOR Emissions from the waste sector are an estimate of methane generation from the decomposition of landfilled solid waste in the base year (2005). The methane commitment method embedded in CACP2009 is based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‘s Waste Reduction Model (WARM) model for calculating life cycle emissions from waste generated within the jurisdictional boundary of the city in 2005. The analysis does not use the waste-in-place method, which calculates emissions from all waste generated in 2005 and all waste already existing in the landfill before the baseline year. APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY City of Atascadero Page C-7 The waste sector only takes into account the waste sent to landfills from city residents, businesses, and institutions. It does not calculate emissions from the total amount of waste sent to county landfills (Paso Robles, Cold Canyon, and Chicago Grade) in 2005 since those landfills accept waste from the unincorporated county and incorporated cities. Solid waste tonnage data per jurisdiction was provided by:  ―2005 Disposal Report‖ by quarter, prepared by the San Luis Obispo Integrated Waste Management Board on 3/6/06. Document provided by Peter Cron, San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority (pcron@iwma.com). Since the composition of waste sent to landfill in 2005 is unknown for the city, the following statewide average waste composition study was utilized:  CIWMB 2004 Statewide Waste Characterization Study, http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1097. The waste characterization study‘s distribution of waste by type was then converted into the five categories included in the CACP2009 software, which resulted in the following waste characterization:  Paper products: 21.0%  Food waste: 14.6%  Plant debris: 6.9%  Wood/textiles: 21.8%  All other waste: 35.7% The CACP2009 software does not have the ability to assign an individual methane recovery factor to each landfill; therefore, we took a weighted average (60%) based on the portion of waste in each landfill. The methane recovery factors of the landfills are well documented by the San Luis Obispo Air Pollution Control District based on the system operations at that time. Table 7 includes the methane recovery factors for the Chicago Grade and Cold Canyon landfills. Emissions factors were obtain from the LGOP version 1.1. APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY Page C-8 City of Atascadero TABLE 7: COMMUNITY GENERATED WASTE, 2005 Methane recovery and indicator inputs, 2005 Methane Recovery Total gas generated (mmcf/yr) Total gas transferred (mmcf/yr) Data Source Waste Tonnage from city, 2005 (tons) Chicago Grade 60% 157.47 94.48 APCD 2005 Inventory 31,097 Cold Canyon 60% 700.00 420.00 APCD 2005 Inventory 26 OFF-ROAD VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT SECTOR Off-road emissions were obtained from the California Air Resources Board‘s OFFROAD2007 model. The model was run using default equipment population, usage, and efficiency data for San Luis Obispo County. Emissions outputs were scaled to the local jurisdiction level by indicators identified in Table 8. Results were converted from short tons per day to metric tons per year. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions were converted to carbon dioxide equivalent units based on the Global Warming Potential factors from LGOP version 1.1. TABLE 8: COUNTY-WIDE EMISSIONS INDICATORS Equipment Type Allocation Indicator Source Agricultural Equipment Acres of cropland San Luis Obispo County, GIS shape files Construction and Mining Equipment Construction and mining jobs U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, On the Map Tool Industrial Equipment Industrial jobs U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, On the Map Tool Lawn and Garden Equipment Households Economics Research Associates. (July 2006). SLOCOG Long Range Socio- Economic Projections. 2005 baseline data Light Commercial Equipment Service and commercial jobs U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, On the Map Tool APPENDIX C: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY -WIDE INVENTORY City of Atascadero Page C-9 The OFFROAD2007 software calculates emissions from other sources of off-road equipment as well, including recreational vehicles and watercrafts; however these emissions were not included because there was no feasible methodology for separating these emissions per jurisdiction within the county. Population is proven to not be an accurate indicator of consumption rates. To remain consistent with protocol and practice, emissions must be separated in a spatial manner, similar to how highway emissions are determined by road segment length within each jurisdiction. It should also be noted that many location-sources of off-road emissions, such as recreational vehicle emissions, occur in state parks or beaches outside of the jurisdiction of each city or the county. 2020 AND 2025 FORECAST The GHG emissions forecast provides a ―business-as-usual estimate,‖ or scenario, of how emissions will change in the year 2020 and 2025 if consumption trends and behavior continue as they did in 2005, absent any new federal, state, regional, or local policies or actions that would reduce emissions. The year 2020 was selected for the forecast in order to maintain consistency with AB 32 and the year 2025 was selected in order to maintain consistency with the General Plan planning horizon. The 2020 and 2025 forecasts calculate business-as-usual growth based on population and job growth rates obtained from the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments report, "San Luis Obispo County 2040 Population, Housing & Employment Forecast" prepared by AECOM in August 2001. Mid-range estimates of growth were used in both instances (Figures ES-5 and 6- 1). Specifically population growth rates were applied to residential, waste, off-road, and wastewater sectors; job growth rates were applied to the commercial/industrial sector. For the transportation sector, Fehr & Peers provided VMT estimates for the year 2020 as shown in Table 6 above, which was extrapolated for the year 2025. It should be noted that these forecasts do not take into consideration any planned or actua l efficiency or conservation measures after 2005. For example, the State Renewable Energy portfolio has advanced significantly since 2005, but the forecast calculates 2020 energy emissions by assuming constant emissions factors. APPENDIX D: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR CITY GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS INVENTORY APPENDIX D: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OPERATION S INVENTORY City of Atascadero Page D-1 Detailed Methodology for Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory The municipal operations inventory follows the LGOP version 1.1, which was adopted in 2010 by CARB and serves as the national standard for quantifying and reporting GHG emissions from local government operations. BUILDING SECTOR The building sector includes all emissions from natural gas and electricity consumed in City- owned and - operated buildings and facilities. Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) and Southern California Gas Company (SoCal Gas Co.) provided municipal electricity and natural gas consumption data respectively. Specifically, data was provided by:  Jillian Rich, Program Manager with PG&E Green Communities and Innovator Pilots (jillian.rich@pge.com), and John Joseph, PG&E GHG Data Requests  Paulo Morais, Energy Programs Supervisor with Southern California Gas Company, Customer Programs (pmorias@semprautilities.com) This raw data was input into the CACP2009 software in kWh and therms. PG&E provided a 2005 carbon dioxide (CO2) coefficient for electricity use and SoCal Gas Co. provided a carbon dioxide (CO2) coefficient for natural gas. Emissions coefficients for methane (CH4) and nitrogen dioxide (N2O) emissions were provided by the California LGOP version 1.1 and were converted into carbon dioxide equivalents and added to the CO2 emissions to obtain carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions (see Appendix C, Tables 3 and 4). VEHICLE FLEET SECTOR The vehicle fleet sector includes gasoline and diesel vehicles from the following City departments:  Community Development  Community Services  Fire  Police  Public Works Gasoline and diesel consumption for calendar year 2005 was obtained from fuel billing statements provided by the Finance Department. The Police Department provided their own fuel APPENDIX D: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OPERATION S INVENTORY Page D-2 City of Atascadero usage data as there record keeping was more complete. Specific sources of data within each organization are outlined in the notes of Appendix B. Emissions were calculated using the EMFAC software for the San Luis Obispo region, consistent with the community methodology described in Appendix C. EMPLOYEE COMMUTE SECTOR Employees were surveyed in June 2009 using an online survey instrument. The questions, attached as Appendix E, asked employees about their current commuting patterns. Of those questions, we used the following for our analysis:  What is your approximate one-way distance to work (in miles)? Please indicate the most direct distance to work, discounting midway destinations that would be taken whether or not you drove to work each day (i.e. dropping off children at school).  Please indicate the type of transportation you take to work each day in your average work week. Please note that there are two types of carpooling.  Drive alone  Carpool with fellow City employees  Carpool with drivers not employed by the City  Vanpool  Public transit  Motorcycle  Bicycle  Walk  Telecommute  Other  What type of vehicle do you drive?  What type of fuel does your vehicle use?  If you carpool with fellow City employees, how many City employees ride with you? If you carpool with a different number each day, please indicate the average. Approximately 69 employees responded to the survey with usable information, meaning that all essential questions were answered. Answers with mileage left blank or with highly inconsistent APPENDIX D: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OPERATION S INVENTORY City of Atascadero Page D-3 data (ex: saying they walked three days to work, biked two, and drove five) were omitted. In addition, if a respondent did not describe their ‗other‘ category of transportation, the entry was omitted. To perform this analysis, we took the following steps: 1) Separate entries by what type of vehicle they own and operate (compact, midsize car, full-size car, small truck, medium-small truck, large truck, motorcycle or ―don‘t drive‖). Within each new group, separate the entries by diesel, gasoline or hybrid. 2) For each group of entries with the same vehicle type and technology, multiply the number of miles to work by 2 (to get round-trip estimate) and then by the number of ‗drive alone‘ days for each entry. Multiply the number of miles to work by the number of ‗carpool‘ days (half of the ‗drive alone‘ emissions). Note: If a respondent entered that they motorcycle to work, but own a car as well, the motorcycle miles were moved to the motorcycle category). Adjust for hybrids (see below). 3) Add all miles per vehicle type and technology and multiply by 52.18 work weeks/year. 4) Calculate the multiplier to adjust survey response data to the entire 2005 employee population. In 2005, there were 128 employees. This, divided by the 69 survey entries, gives us our multiplier of 1.74. 5) Multiply the mileage per vehicle per technology type by the multiplier. 6) Divide the number of hybrid miles by 2.2 and add the difference to the ‗passenger car‘ category. This is to account for the large increase in hybrid sales between 2005 and 2009 (Source: Hybridcars.com sales statistics). 7) Manipulate the vehicle classes to fit the CACP2009 software categories. 8) Enter final miles into the CACP2009 software per vehicle type and fuel. APPENDIX D: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OPERATION S INVENTORY Page D-4 City of Atascadero TABLE 1: 2009 EMPLOYEE COMMUTE SURVEY Vehicle Group 2009 Survey Results Adjusted for 2005 Annual VMT Fuel Type Light Trucks 56,197.86 Gasoline 107,536.92 Gasoline 313.08 Diesel 6,645.64 Diesel Large Trucks 22,620.03 Gasoline 19,750.03 Gasoline 16,843.70 Diesel 34,785.80 Diesel Passenger Vehicle 138,885.77 Gasoline 34,785.80 Gasoline Motorcycle 208.72 Gasoline Gasoline Total 306,621.16 Gasoline 610,176.11 Gasoline 20,819.82 Diesel 41,431.44 Diesel The CACP2009 software does not provide a method of calculating emissions from hybrid cars. As a result, these emissions were divided by 2.20 based on the difference between average fuel economy of a 2005 Toyota Prius and the average fuel economy included in the 2005 SLO EMFAC data and then entered into the CACP2009 software under 'passenger vehicle' (Source: www.fueleconomy.gov). STREETLIGHT SECTOR PG&E provided electricity usage from streetlights in kWh for 2005. The total kWh were entered into the CACP2009 software using the electricity coefficients identified in Appendix C. WATER / SEWAGE This sector calculates emissions from energy consumption associated with City-owned and operated water and wastewater facilities and point-source emissions that arise due to fermentation of degraded biomass in the wastewater lagoons. The Finance Department provided the electricity consumption for each of the water facilities. Operational data provided by the Wastewater Treatment Plant Manager was utilized to determine total methane and nitrous oxide emissions using ICLEI‘s Wastewater Emissions Data tool. Both of these sources are outlined in Appendix B. These totals were entered into the CACP2009 software with the electricity and natural gas coefficient sets outlined in Appendix C. APPENDIX D: DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OPERATION S INVENTORY City of Atascadero Page D-5 WASTE Atascadero Waste Alternatives reported solid waste tonnage produced by City operations. The City produced 168.65 tons of waste in 2005 that was sent to managed landfill. The waste composition was unknown for the city; therefore, the California averages provided by the 2004 California Integrated Waste Management Board Waste Characterization Report were used. A weighted average methane recovery factor of 60% was used in this analysis, as outlined in Appendix C. APPENDIX E: CITY EMPLOYEE COMMUTE SURVEY, 2009 APPENDIX E: CITY EMP LOYEE COMMUTE SURVEY, 2008 City of Atascadero Page E-1 City Employee Commute Survey, 2009 1) What is your approximate on-way distance to work (in miles)? Please indicate the most direct distance to work, discounting midway destinations that would be taken whether or not you drove to work each day (i.e. dropping off children at school). ___________________ 2) Please indicate the type of transportation you take to work each day in your average work week. Please note that there are two types of carpooling. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Drive Alone Carpool with fellow City employees Carpool with other drivers not employed by the City Vanpool Public transit Motorcycle Bicycle Walk Telecommute Other 3) What type of vehicle do you drive? Compact/Sub-Compact car (Civic, Corolla, Focus, Neon, Cavalier, Jetta or similar) Mid-size car (Accord, Camry, Passat, Monte Carlo, Sable, Sebring or similar) Full-size car (Impala, Intrepid, Taurus, Crown Victoria, Bonneville, Town Car or similar) Small Truck/SUV/Pickup (RAV4, Chev S10, Pickup (4 cylinder), PT Cruiser or similar) Medium-Small Truck/SUV/Pickup (Minivan, Sonoma Pickup Truck or similar) Medium-Large Truck/SUV/Pickup (Durango, Safari Cargo Van, Ford F150 or similar) Large Truck/SUV/Pickup (Suburban, Expedition, Navigator, Ford E250/350/450 or similar) Motorcycle I don‘t drive alone or drive a carpool APPENDIX E: CITY EMP LOYEE COMMUTE SURVEY, 2008 Page E-2 City of Atascadero 4) What type of fuel does your vehicle from question 3 use? Gasoline Diesel Biodiesel Hybrid Electric I don‘t drive to work or drive a carpool Other (Specify): ___________________________________ 5) If you carpool or vanpool with fellow City employees, home may City employees ride with you? If you carpool with a different number each day, please indicate the average. If ‗not applicable‘, please enter ―0‖. Enter # of people: ___________________________________